置于動(dòng)詞、介詞等詞性后面起賓語作用的從句叫賓語從句。賓語從句的語序必須是陳述語序。謂語動(dòng)詞、介詞、動(dòng)詞不定式,v.-ing形式后面都能帶賓語從句。有些形容詞(afraid,sure,glad,suggest等)之后也可以帶賓語從句。
賓語從句分為三類:動(dòng)詞的賓語從句,介詞的賓語從句和形容詞的賓語從句。
根據(jù)作用的不同,賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞通常分為以下幾類:
知識(shí)點(diǎn)1:賓語從句的連接詞的用法
在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫賓語從句。常用的連接詞有:that; if; whether; what; which; who; whom; when; where; how; why等。
1. 【考查點(diǎn) 】賓語從句是陳述句時(shí),用that引導(dǎo)。在口語中that常被省略。
如:I know(that) you are a student.
2. 【考查點(diǎn) 】賓語從句是一般疑問句時(shí),用if或whether來引導(dǎo)。 if, whether意為“是否”,whether還可以與or not連用。
如:Lily wanted to know if her grandma liked the handbag.
莉莉想知道她的姐姐是否喜歡這個(gè)手提袋。
3. 【考查點(diǎn) 】賓語從句是特殊疑問句時(shí),用疑問詞引導(dǎo)。
如:He didn’t tell me where he was going.
他沒告訴我他想去哪兒。
Can you tell me what he said just now?
你能告訴我他剛才說什么嗎?
知識(shí)點(diǎn)2:賓語從句的語序
1. 陳述句變?yōu)橘e語從句時(shí),要注意人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化,語序不變。
如: She said, “ I will leave a message on the desk.”
她說她會(huì)在桌上留口信的。
She said that she would leave a message on the desk.
2.【考查點(diǎn) 】一般疑問句和特殊疑問句變?yōu)橘e語從句時(shí),也要注意人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化,后面接陳述句語序。
如:“Where are the tickets?” I asked him.
我問他票在哪兒。
I asked him where the tickets were.
注意:賓語從句的人稱要遵循“一隨主、二隨賓、第三人稱不更新”的原則。如下表:
知識(shí)點(diǎn)3:賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)
1. 如果主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)或祈使句時(shí),賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)不受限制,可以根據(jù)實(shí)際表達(dá)的需要來確定。
如:Could you tell me what he said at the meeting?
你能告訴我他在會(huì)上說什么。
He will tell us that he has been able to look after himself.
他會(huì)告訴我們他已經(jīng)能告訴他自己。
Tell him when we will finish our work.
告訴他我們什么時(shí)候完成工作。
2.【考查點(diǎn) 】如果主句是過去的某種時(shí)態(tài),賓語從句應(yīng)與主句保持一致,用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。
如:He said that he was born in Wenzhou in 1996.
他說他1996年出生于溫州。
They said that they had already seen the film.
他們說他們已經(jīng)看過這部電影了。
3.【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn) 】如果賓語從句所敘述的是客觀事實(shí)、格言、科學(xué)真理時(shí),從句時(shí)態(tài)不受主句限制,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
如: Everyone knew there are 365 days in a year.
大家都知道一年有365天。
She said that two heads are better than one.
她說三個(gè)臭皮匠頂個(gè)諸葛亮。
He said that the sun rises in the east.
知識(shí)點(diǎn)4:賓語從句的否定前移
【考查點(diǎn) 】 在賓語從句中,當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞為think, believe, expect, imagine, suppose等時(shí),如果主句為I 或we時(shí),從句中表示否定意義的not應(yīng)移到think, believe, expect, imagine, suppose等前。
如:I don’t suppose he will come.
我猜他不會(huì)來。
注意:如果主句主語不是I或we,則not不前移。
如:She thinks she can’t arrive there on time.
她認(rèn)為她不能按時(shí)到那兒。
知識(shí)點(diǎn)5:賓語從句的簡(jiǎn)化
1.【考查點(diǎn) 】當(dāng)賓語從句的主語和主句的主語相同,且謂語動(dòng)詞是hope, wish, decide等時(shí),從句可簡(jiǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。
如:I hope that I can see you again.
=I hope to see you again.我希望能再次見到你。
2. 【考查點(diǎn) 】當(dāng)賓語從句的主語和主句的主語相同,且謂語動(dòng)詞是know, remember, forget, learn等時(shí),句可簡(jiǎn)化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。
如: I don’t know what I should say.
=I don’t know what to say.我不知道該說什么。
3.【考查點(diǎn) 】當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是ask, tell, show, teach等,且賓語從句的主語和主句的間接賓語一致時(shí),從句可簡(jiǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)或“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。
如:Mr Hu tells us that we shouldn’t draw on the wall.
=Mr Hu tells us not to draw on the wall.
胡老師告訴我們不應(yīng)該在墻上畫畫。
Will you please tell me where I can buy stamps?
=Will you please tell me where to buy stamps?
請(qǐng)告訴我在哪兒能買到郵票
練習(xí)及分析
1、-Can you tell me ____ to London?
-Sure.Next month.( )
A.when you will travel B.when will you travel
C.when you travelled D.when did you travel
【考點(diǎn)】賓語從句。
【分析】-你能告訴我什么時(shí)候去倫敦旅游嗎?
-當(dāng)然了。下周。
【解答】考查賓語從句的用法.賓語從句的語序?yàn)殛愂稣Z序,故排除B和D;根據(jù)答語next month可知,從句為一般將來時(shí)態(tài),排除C.
故選:A
2、---Could you tell me_______?
---At nine o'clock,in ten minutes.( )
A.how will he leave B.when he has left
C.why he is leaving D.when he will leave
【考點(diǎn)】賓語從句.
【分析】--你能告訴我他什么時(shí)候離開嗎?
--在十分鐘后,九點(diǎn).
【解答】答案:D
根據(jù)問句知此題考查賓語從句.考生可分三步答題:1.陳述語序排除法,2.根據(jù)句意選擇合適的引導(dǎo)詞,3.根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)判斷。首先,排除不是陳述語序的選項(xiàng)A;再根據(jù)句意來選擇合適的引導(dǎo)詞根據(jù)答語可排除C,B選項(xiàng);最后根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)檢驗(yàn),主句為Could you tell me為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)自身情況選擇,根據(jù)答語知為將來的時(shí)間,故用一般將來時(shí)。故選D.
3、-Can you tell me_____ ?
-He lives in Shanghai.( )
A.where Mark lives B.where does Mark live
C.where Mark lived D.where did Mark live
【考點(diǎn)】賓語從句。
【分析】--你能告訴我Mark住在哪里嗎?
--他住在上海。
【解答】答案:A 根據(jù)Can you tell me ?再結(jié)合選項(xiàng),可知Can you tell me后面是跟一個(gè)賓語從句,賓語從句中應(yīng)該用陳述語序,即主語+謂語,所以排除B,D.再根據(jù)He lives in Shanghai.是說現(xiàn)在他住在上海??芍且话悻F(xiàn)在時(shí),故排除C。故選:A.
4、----Could you tell me___his hometown?
----The day after tomorrow,I think.( )
A.when will you visit B.when you will visit
C.why you will visit D.how you will visit
【考點(diǎn)】賓語從句.
【分析】--你能告訴我你什么時(shí)候訪問張愛萍的家鄉(xiāng)嗎?
--我想后天吧.
【解答】答案:B.
根據(jù)Could you tell me,可知本句考查了賓語從句的用法.在賓語從句中所使用的語序應(yīng)該是陳述句語序,選項(xiàng)A是疑問句語序,排除掉.再根據(jù)The day after tomorrow,可知這里表示的是時(shí)間,提問時(shí)間的話應(yīng)該用when.故選B.
5、---Do you know ________?
---Let me see.I remember it was on March 18th.( )
A.why did they move here
B.why they moved here
C.when did they move here
D.when they moved here
【考點(diǎn)】賓語從句.
【分析】--你知道他們什么時(shí)候搬到這里來的嗎?
--讓我想想,我記得是在3月18日.
【解答】答案:D.
根據(jù)Do you know可知,本題考查賓語從句,賓語從句中一般為陳述語序,選項(xiàng)AC是疑問語序,所以排除掉;再根據(jù)I remember it was on March 18th,可知這里表示的是時(shí)間,而且是一個(gè)過去的時(shí)間,所以賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞是when,時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí).故選D
6、-Excuse me.Could you tell me ______ about the local history and culture?
-Of course.You can check it on this computer.( )
A.how can I get the information
B.what information did I get
C.where I can get the information
D.that I got the information
【考點(diǎn)】賓語從句.
【分析】--對(duì)不起,你能告訴我在哪里可以找到有關(guān)當(dāng)?shù)氐臍v史和文化的信息嗎?
--當(dāng)然可以.你可以在這臺(tái)電腦上查一下它.
【解答】答案:C.
根據(jù)Could you tell me,可知本句考查了賓語從句的用法.在賓語從句中所使用的語序應(yīng)該是陳述句語序,選項(xiàng)AB是疑問句語序,排除掉.再根據(jù)on this computer,可知這里表示的是地點(diǎn),提問地方的話應(yīng)該用where。故選C.
7、-What did your father say to you just now?
-He asked me_________.( )
A.that I would like to see a movie
B.where I will spend my holiday
C.if I enjoyed myself at the party
D.when did I attend the graduation party
【考點(diǎn)】賓語從句.
【分析】--你爸爸剛才和你說什么了?
--他問我在聚會(huì)上是否玩得很開心.
【解答】答案:C.
根據(jù)He asked me,可知本句考查了賓語從句的用法.在賓語從句中所使用的語序應(yīng)該是陳述句語序,選項(xiàng)D是疑問句語序,排除掉.再根據(jù)He asked me,可知這里句子使用的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí),那么賓語從句就要相應(yīng)的用過去時(shí),選項(xiàng)B是will,不符合時(shí)態(tài)要求,排除掉.在這里ask的意思是詢問,后面跟的賓語從句應(yīng)該有疑問的語氣,所以這里使用的引導(dǎo)詞是if,排除A。故選C
8、-Daniel,could you tell me_________?
-Certainly,in Brazil.( )
A.when the 2016 Olympics will be held
B.when will the 2016 Olympics be held
C.where the 2016 Olympics will be held
D.where will the 2016 Olympics be held
【考點(diǎn)】賓語從句.
【分析】--Daniel,你能告訴我2016年奧運(yùn)會(huì)在哪里舉行嗎?
--當(dāng)然可以,在巴西.
【解答】答案:C.
根據(jù)Could you tell me,可知本句考查了賓語從句的用法.在賓語從句中所使用的語序應(yīng)該是陳述句語序,選項(xiàng)BD是疑問句語序,排除掉.再根據(jù)in Brazil,可知這里表示的是地點(diǎn),提問地方的話應(yīng)該用where。故選C.
9、-I wonder______.-It will fall on a Saturday.( )
A.how will National Day fall on this year
B.How National Day will fall on this year
C.What day will National Day fall on this year
D.What day National Day will fall on this year
【考點(diǎn)】賓語從句.
【分析】--我想知道今年國(guó)慶節(jié)將在哪一天?
--將會(huì)是周六.
【解答】答案:D.
根據(jù)I wonder,可知本句考查了賓語從句的用法.在賓語從句中所使用的語序應(yīng)該是陳述句語序,選項(xiàng)AC是疑問句語序,排除掉.再根據(jù)It will fall on a Saturday,可知這里表示的是哪一天,提問的話應(yīng)該用what day。故選D.
10、I don't know if you ______ to Mary's party next Sunday.If you go,______.( )
A.go; so will I B.will go; so will I
C.will go; so do I
【考點(diǎn)】賓語從句;狀語從句.
【分析】我不知道下個(gè)星期天你是否會(huì)去參加Mary的聚會(huì).如果你去的話,我也去.
【解答】答案:B.
根據(jù)I don't know if you ______ to Mary's party next Sunday,可知這里考查了賓語從句的用法,主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),所以后面的從句可以用所需要的時(shí)態(tài),在這里next Sunday表示一個(gè)將來的時(shí)間,所以句子應(yīng)該用一般將來時(shí),結(jié)構(gòu)為:will+動(dòng)詞原形;再根據(jù)If you go,可知這部分考查了倒裝句,下句是肯定形式,所以用so+助動(dòng)詞+主語的形式,表示…也是,這里if引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句,主句用一般將來時(shí),從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),所以在so引導(dǎo)的句子中還應(yīng)該用will。故選B
11、-Would you like to tell me______?
-Sure.Practice makes perfect.( )
A.how can I learn English better
B.how I can learn English better
C.why can I learn English better
D.why I can learn English better
【考點(diǎn)】賓語從句.
【分析】--你想告訴我如何能更好地學(xué)習(xí)英語嗎?
--當(dāng)然可以.熟能生巧.
【解答】答案:B.
根據(jù)Would you like to tell me,可知本句考查了賓語從句的用法.在賓語從句中所使用的語序應(yīng)該是陳述句語序,選項(xiàng)AC是疑問句語序,排除掉.再根據(jù)Practice makes perfect,可知這里詢問的是如何能把英語學(xué)的更好,表示做沒事的方式用how。故選B.
12、-I am worried about_____.
-Whatever the result is,don't be too hard on yourself( )
A.how have I prepared for my final exams
B.if I can get great grads in the final exams
C.that my school team lost the game because of my fault
D.why did my school team lose the game
【考點(diǎn)】賓語從句.
【分析】--我擔(dān)心我是否能在期末考試中取得好成績(jī).
--無論結(jié)果如何,你自己都不要太辛苦了.
【解答】答案:B.
根據(jù)I am worried about_______,可知,本題考查賓語從句的用法,賓語從句中一般為陳述語序,選項(xiàng)AD是疑問句語序,排除掉;在這里I am worried about含有疑問的口氣,所以后面所跟的賓語從句用if來引導(dǎo)。故選B.
13、-Dad,can you tell me ______?I miss her very much.
-Next month,dear.( )
A.when will my mum come back
B.when my mum will come back
C.how my mum goes to work
D.where will my mum go
【考點(diǎn)】賓語從句.
【分析】--爸爸,你能告訴我媽媽什么時(shí)候回來嗎?我非常想念她.
--親愛的,下個(gè)月.
【解答】答案:B.
根據(jù)Can you tell me,可知本句考查了賓語從句的用法.在賓語從句中所使用的語序應(yīng)該是陳述句語序,選項(xiàng)AD是疑問句語序,排除掉.再根據(jù)-Next month,可知這里表示的是時(shí)間,提問時(shí)間的話應(yīng)該用when。故選B
14、There are so many foggy days recently.We all wonder_________.( )
A.how is the air polluted
B.why the air is seriously polluted
C.what can we do to prevent that bad weather
D.what are the real reasons
【考點(diǎn)】賓語從句.
【分析】最近有這么多霧天.我們都想知道為什么空氣污染如此的嚴(yán)重.
【解答】答案:B.
根據(jù)We all wonder--再結(jié)合選項(xiàng),可知We all wonder后面是跟一個(gè)賓語從句,賓語從句中應(yīng)該用陳述語序,即主語+謂語,所以排除ACD.選項(xiàng)B why the air is seriously polluted為什么空氣污染如此的嚴(yán)重,符合題意。故選:B.
15、Could you please tell me______?I didn't hear it clearly.( )
A.what did Mary say B.what Mary says
C.what Mary said
【考點(diǎn)】賓語從句.
【分析】你能告訴我Mary說了什么嗎?我沒有聽清楚.
【解答】答案:C.
根據(jù)Could you please tell me ______,可知本句考查了賓語從句的用法.在賓語從句中所使用的語序應(yīng)該是陳述句語序,選項(xiàng)A是疑問句語序,排除掉.再根據(jù)I didn't hear it clearly,可知這里句子使用的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí),表示說話這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí)。故選C.
16、--Excuse me,but could you please tell me?
--sure ( )
A.where is the restroom
B.when the store opens
C.what time does it begin
【考點(diǎn)】賓語從句.
【分析】--打擾一下,但是你能告訴我商店什么時(shí)候開門嗎?
--當(dāng)然可以.
【解答】答案:B.
根據(jù) could you please tell me,可知本句考查了賓語從句的用法.在賓語從句中所使用的語序應(yīng)該是陳述句語序,選項(xiàng)AC是疑問句語序,排除掉.選項(xiàng)B是正常語序,意思是商店什么時(shí)候開門,符合題意。故選B.
17、-What did Max just say to you?
-He asked me _____.( )
A.if I would like to go skating
B.when did I buy this CD
C.where I will spend the weekend
D.that I had a good time
【考點(diǎn)】賓語從句.
【分析】--Max剛才和你說什么了?
--他問我是否想去滑冰.
【解答】答案:A.
根據(jù)He asked me,可知本句考查了賓語從句的用法.在賓語從句中所使用的語序應(yīng)該是陳述句語序,選項(xiàng)B是疑問句語序,排除掉.再根據(jù)He asked me,可知這里句子使用的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí),那么賓語從句就要相應(yīng)的用過去時(shí),選項(xiàng)C是will,不符合時(shí)態(tài)要求,排除掉.在這里ask的意思是詢問,后面跟的賓語從句應(yīng)該有疑問的語氣,所以這里使用的引導(dǎo)詞是if,排除D。故選A
18、-Look at the man in blue! Do you know_________?
-Oh,he is a policeman.( )
A.what does he do B.what he does
C.how he does
【考點(diǎn)】賓語從句.
【分析】看看那個(gè)穿藍(lán)色衣服的男士!你知道他是干什么的嗎?
--哦,他是一名警察。
【解答】答案:B.
根據(jù)Do you know ?再結(jié)合選項(xiàng),可知Do you know 后面是跟一個(gè)賓語從句,賓語從句中應(yīng)該用陳述語序,即主語+謂語,所以排除A.再根據(jù)he is a policeman.這里表示職業(yè),詢問的話應(yīng)該用what,故排除C。故選:B.
19、-Do you know__________?
-Yes.They're from new York.( )
A.what do the tourists do
B.where the tourists are from
C.what the tourists do
D.where are the tourists from
【考點(diǎn)】賓語從句.
【分析】--你知道這些游客來自哪里嗎?
--是的.他們來自紐約。
【解答】答案:B.
根據(jù)Do you know ,可知本句考查了賓語從句的用法。在賓語從句中所使用的語序應(yīng)該是陳述句語序,選項(xiàng)AD是疑問句語序,排除掉。再根據(jù)from New York,可知這里表示的是地點(diǎn),提問地方的話應(yīng)該用where。故選B
20、-Do you know _______this afternoon?
-I'm not sure,but I'll tell you as soon as she comes.( )
A.how will Betty arrive
B.what time Betty will arrive
C.where Betty will arrive
D.whether will Betty arrive
【考點(diǎn)】賓語從句.
【分析】--你知道Betty今天下午將會(huì)什么時(shí)候到達(dá)嗎?
--我不確定,但是她一來我就告訴你。
【解答】答案:B.
根據(jù)Do you know可知,本題考查賓語從句,賓語從句中一般為陳述語序,選項(xiàng)AD是疑問語序,所以排除掉;再根據(jù)but I'll tell you as soon as she comes,可知但是她一來我就告訴你,這里談?wù)摰膽?yīng)該是時(shí)間,而且應(yīng)該是一個(gè)將來的時(shí)間,所以賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞是what time,時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該用一般將來時(shí)。故選B.
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