專項(xiàng)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
一 考點(diǎn)： 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法和辨析，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測和可能，由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句的回答。
二 類型：1 只是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：can, could, may, might, must
2 可做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，可做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞：need, dare
3 可做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，可做助動(dòng)詞： will, would, shall, should
4 特殊：have to, ought to, used to
三 特征：1 有一定的詞義，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語，必須與行為動(dòng)詞和系動(dòng)詞連用構(gòu)成謂語。
2 無人稱和數(shù)的變化。（have to 除外）
eg: he has to stay here.
3 后接動(dòng)詞原形。
4 具有助動(dòng)詞作用，可構(gòu)成否定，疑問或簡短回答。
四 用法：
1. can ① 表示能力，“能，會(huì)”。eg : can you play basketball?
② 表示懷疑，猜測，常用于否定句或疑問句。
eg :li hua can’t be in the classroom.
③ 表示請求，允許，多用于口語，譯“可以”= may.
eg: you can go now.
④can 開頭的疑問句，肯定句，否定句用can或 can’t.
2.could ①can 的過去式，表示過去的能力。
eg :i could swim when i was seven years old.
②could 開頭的疑問句，肯定和否定回答用could, couldn’t如果could 表示現(xiàn)在的委婉，用can 回答。
eg: could i have a drink? yes, you can.
3.may ① 表示推測，“可能，也許”，用于肯定句。
eg: he may come tomorrow.
② 表示請求，“許可,可以”。eg:may i borrow your book?
注：表示請求，許可時(shí)，主語為第一人稱的一般疑問句，否定回答用mustn’t“不可以，禁止，不許”,不用may not“可能不”。
③表示祝愿。eg :may you success.
4.might ①表示“可以”，用于過去時(shí)中。
eg: he told me i might smoke in the room.
②用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表示說話更委婉，禮貌。
eg:he might be doing his lessons now.
5.must ①表示“必須，應(yīng)該”。
②表示推測“一定”。
eg:there is someone knocking at the door.it must be jim.
③否定句中，mustn’t 表示禁止，“不允許”。
④以must 開頭的疑問句，肯定句回答用must,否定回答用needn’t , 表示“不需要，不必”=“don’t have to”.
⑤表示“偏偏”。eg: must you play the piano at this time.
6.need ①情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：+do,用need 提問或回答，肯定句回答用must ,否定句回答用needn’t. eg: you needn’t come to school so early.
②實(shí)義動(dòng)詞：+to do ,用助動(dòng)詞提問和否定。
③+doing 表示被動(dòng)。
④needn’t have done 表示沒必要做某事但是做了。
eg: i actually needn’t have bought so much wine.
7.dare ①情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，多用于疑問句，否定句，條件句中。
eg: i’m afraid you dare not to do such a thing.
注：i dare say 習(xí)慣說成“也許，我想”。
eg: it will rain this afternoon, i dare say.
②實(shí)義動(dòng)詞：dare to do ,用于肯定句中，當(dāng)用于否定句或疑問句時(shí)，to 可以省略。eg: this student doesn’t dare to raise any question in class.
8.shall ①用于第一人稱表示征求意見，詢問。
eg: shall i open the window?
shall we have lunch here?
②表示說話人的態(tài)度，“命令，警告，允諾，威脅”。
eg: you shall finish your homework first.
③用于第三人稱，在條約，規(guī)定，法令等文件中表示義務(wù)或規(guī)定，“應(yīng)該，必須”。（不常用）
9.should ①表示義務(wù)，責(zé)任“應(yīng)該”。eg:we should obey traffic laws.
②作為shall 過去式，用于第一三人稱，表示征求意見。eg:mr lee asked if he should get his visa.
③表示“竟然”。
eg: it’s unthinkable that the boy should sing such a beautiful song.
④表示說話人的特殊情感，如驚奇，憤怒，失望等。
eg: how should i know?
⑤表示勸告，建議，“應(yīng)該”。
eg: you should listen to your teacher.
10.will ①用于第二人稱表示詢問，請求，也可以表達(dá)現(xiàn)在的“意愿”。eg: will you pass me the book?
②表示意愿，決定，允諾，用于各種人稱。
eg: i will try my best to help you.
③表示規(guī)律性的“注定會(huì)”。
eg: people will die without air or water.
11.would ①表示過去的意愿或委婉詢問。
eg: would you tell me the way to the station?
12.have to ①“必須，不得不”，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要，含有時(shí)態(tài)的變化。
eg: i’ll have to ask jim instead.
②區(qū)別：must 表示“必須，應(yīng)該“，主觀看法。
13.ought to ①表示職責(zé)，義務(wù)或要求，及人們應(yīng)該去做的正確的事或好事。eg: humans ought to stop polluting nature.
②比should 語氣強(qiáng)，ought to 反映客觀情況，should表示主觀看法。
③ought to have done 本應(yīng)該做而沒有做。
eg: you are late. you ought to have arrived five minutes earlier.
14.used to ①表示“過去常常，過去是“，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，可以和過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。否定形式：usedn’t to 或didn’t use to ,疑問詞將use提前或did…use to …?
eg: he didn’t use to be so careless.
②區(qū)別 would :帶有主觀性，并且現(xiàn)在做不做不知道。used to :客觀性，和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行對比，過去常常，現(xiàn)在就不怎么做了。
eg: he would phone me on sunday.
eg: i used to be very fond of music when i was young.
③區(qū)別：be used to doing （情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）習(xí)慣于…
used to do （情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）過去是，過去常?！?/p>
be used to do (過去式) 被用來做…
eg: i am already used to noisy city life here.
my parents used to live in south america.
this machine is used to cut up waste paper.
15.其他：⑴had better do 最好做某事 eg: you had better stay at home.
否定：had better not do
⑵be able to 與can 表示能力時(shí)用法相同，但前者有時(shí)態(tài)的變化，有能力成功做某事。
eg: we will be able to come back next week.
專題練習(xí)：
1( ) 1 john___ come to see us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
a. may b. can c. has to d. must
( ) 2 they ___ do well in the exam.
a. can be able to b. be able to c. can able to d. are able to
( ) 3 -may i take this book out?
-no, you___. a. can't b. may not c. needn't d. aren’t
( ) 4 you___ go and see a doctor at once because you're got a fever.
a. can b. must c. dare d. would
( ) 5 -can you speak japanese?
-no, i____. a. mustn't b. can't c. needn't d. may not
2( ) 1 -he___ be in the classroom, i think.
-no, he ___ be in the classroom. i saw him go home a minute ago.
a. can; may not b. must; may not c. may; can't d. may; mustn’t
( ) 2 -shall i get one more cake for you, dad?
-thanks, but you___, i've had enough. a. may not b. must not c. can't d. needn’t
( ) 3 even the top students in our class can't work out this problem, so it be very difficult. a. may b. must c. can d. need
( ) 4 he isn't at school. i think he ___ be ill. a. can b. shall c. must d. has to
( ) 5 ___ i take this one? a. may b. will c. are d. do
3( ) 1 the children___ play football on the road. a. can't b. can c. mustn't d. must
( ) 2 you ___ be late for school again next time.
a. mustn't b. needn't c. don't have to d. don't need to
( ) 3 -must i do my homework at once?
-no, you___. a. needn't b. mustn't c. can't d. may not
4( ) 1 his arm is all right. he___ go and see the doctor.
a. has not to b. don't have to c. haven't to d. doesn't have to
( ) 2 he had to give up the plan, ___ he? a. did b. didn't c. does d. doesn't
( ) 3 they had to walk here, ___ they? a. mustn't b. did c. didn't d. hadn't
5( ) 1 he had better stay here, ___ he? a. didn't b. don't c. hadn't d. isn't
( ) 2 you'd better___late next time. a. not to be b. not be c. won't be d. don't be
( ) 3 you'd better ___ your hair ___ once a month.
a. had; cut b. had; cutted c. have; cut d. have; cutted
( ) 4 you___ ask that man over there. maybe he knows the way.
a. had better not to b. had not better c. had better d. had better not
6( ) 1 -shall we go and visit the history museum next sunday?
a. here you are b. sorry, i can't c. yes, please d. let me try
( ) 2 -why don't you ask mike to go with us?
-thanks, ___. a. i will b. i won't c. lean d. i may
( ) 3 -___ i take the newspaper away?
-no, you mustn't. you____read it only here.
a. must; can b. may; can c. need; must d. must; must
7( ) 1 excuse me. ___ you please pass me that cup?
a. do b. should c. would d. must
( ) 2 ___ you like to have another try?
a. could b. will c. would d. do
( ) 3 -would you like to go boating with us?
-yes, ___.a. i'd like b. i want c. i'd like to d. i do
8( ) 1 you___ worry about your son. he will get well soon.
a. needn't b. can't c. mustn't d. have to
( ) 2 the poor man needs our help, ___ he?
a. need b. needn't c. does d. doesn't
( ) 3 -must we do our homework first?
-no, you___. you may have a rest first.
a. mustn't b. needn't c. may not d. can't
聯(lián)系客服
