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陽(yáng)光西班牙(十一)巴塞羅那哥倫布紀(jì)念碑

        高高的哥倫布,橫著的片難以表達(dá)。這回用張豎著的做篇首。

        巴塞羅那哥倫布紀(jì)念碑位于蘭布拉大街盡頭。1493年哥倫布第一次航海歸來(lái),天主教雙王伊莎貝爾和費(fèi)爾南多就是在巴塞羅那歡迎他的凱旋。為紀(jì)念這一歷史事件,也是為了慶祝1888年的萬(wàn)國(guó)博覽會(huì),1886年建造了這座圓柱形紀(jì)念碑,紀(jì)念碑頂端是哥倫布一手捧書、一手指著美洲大陸方向的塑像。這座巍峨的圓柱形紀(jì)念碑全部用赭紅色大理石建成,塔身高達(dá)60米,上有“光榮屬于哥倫布”“向哥倫布致敬”兩行大字。

        哥倫布是意大利航海家。生于意大利熱那亞,卒于西班牙巴利亞多利德 Valladolid。一生從事航?;顒?dòng)。先后移居葡萄牙和西班牙。哥倫布十分崇拜曾在熱那亞坐過(guò)監(jiān)獄的馬可.波羅,他讀過(guò)《馬可·波羅游記》,十分想往印度和中國(guó)。當(dāng)時(shí),地圓說(shuō)已經(jīng)很盛行,哥倫布也深信不疑。他先后向葡萄牙、西班牙、英國(guó)、法國(guó)等國(guó)國(guó)王請(qǐng)求資助,以實(shí)現(xiàn)他向西航行到達(dá)東方國(guó)家的計(jì)劃,都遭拒絕。哥倫布為實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的計(jì)劃,到處游說(shuō)了十幾年。直到1492年,西班牙王后慧眼識(shí)英雄,她說(shuō)服了國(guó)王,甚至要拿出自己的私房錢資助哥倫布,使哥倫布的計(jì)劃才得以實(shí)施。1492年8月3日,哥倫布受西班牙國(guó)王派遣,帶著給印度君主和中國(guó)皇帝的國(guó)書,率領(lǐng)三艘百十來(lái)噸的帆船,從西班牙巴羅斯港楊帆出大西洋,直向正西航去。經(jīng)七十晝夜的艱苦航行,1492年10月12日凌晨終于發(fā)現(xiàn)了陸地。哥倫布以為到達(dá)了印度。后來(lái)知道,哥倫布登上的這塊土地,屬于現(xiàn)在中美洲巴勒比海中的巴哈馬群島,他當(dāng)時(shí)為它命名為圣薩爾瓦多。 1493年3月15日,哥倫布回到西班牙。在西班牙國(guó)王支持下,他又三次重復(fù)他的向西航行1493~1496,1498~1500,1502~1504。開(kāi)辟了橫渡大西洋到美洲的航路。先后到達(dá)巴哈馬群島、古巴、海地、多米尼加、特立尼達(dá)等島。在帕里亞灣南岸首次登上美洲大陸。考察了中美洲洪都拉斯到達(dá)連灣2000多千米的海岸線;認(rèn)識(shí)了巴拿馬地峽;發(fā)現(xiàn)和利用了大西洋低緯度吹東風(fēng),較高緯度吹西風(fēng)的風(fēng)向變化。證明了大地球形說(shuō)的正確性。但是直到1506年逝世,他一直認(rèn)為他到達(dá)的是印度。后來(lái),一個(gè)叫做亞美利哥的意大利學(xué)者,經(jīng)過(guò)更多的考察,才知道哥倫布到達(dá)的這些地方不是印度,而是一個(gè)原來(lái)不為人知的新的大陸。是哥倫布發(fā)現(xiàn)了新大陸。

         紀(jì)念碑內(nèi)部設(shè)有電梯,可以登高一覽海港美景。但電梯只能容納2人,張導(dǎo)沒(méi)有安排,團(tuán)里的人沒(méi)有人上去。倒是圍著紀(jì)念碑,看看巴塞羅那的舊港,少了那些帆船。

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