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George Szell(喬治·塞爾)的熱門作品
 

George Szell(喬治·塞爾)的藝人檔案

地區(qū): United States of America 美國

George Szell,1897年6月7日匈牙利布達佩斯出生的美國指揮家和作曲家。

17歲時George Szell加盟柏林愛樂樂團,身兼3職,指揮、作曲和鋼琴演奏,曾指揮演出自作的《主題變奏曲》,初露鋒芒,受到作曲家理查·施特勞斯的欣賞。在理查·施特勞斯推薦下,20歲的塞爾接替著名指揮家克倫佩勒出任法國斯特拉斯堡市劇院的首席指揮。

在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)之前,George Szell主要活躍于歐洲樂壇,先后任職于柏林國家歌劇院、柏林廣播局樂團、柏林音樂學(xué)院、布拉格德國歌劇院、捷克愛樂樂團、蘇格蘭樂團等。

由于二戰(zhàn)爆發(fā),他被迫滯留在美國。起初他在洛杉磯愛樂樂團,又在曼內(nèi)斯音樂學(xué)院任教,后來得到托斯卡尼尼的賞識,首次指揮NBC交響樂團、紐約愛樂交響樂團。

在George Szell一生最重要時期是他被聘為克利夫蘭樂團音樂總監(jiān)兼指揮直到逝世為止(1946-1970年)。George Szell在職24年,帶領(lǐng)樂團到世界各地進行巡回演出。其間,他在薩爾茨堡音樂節(jié)任專職指揮,指揮過利貝曼(R.Liebermann)的半正歌劇(Opera Semi-Seria)《佩內(nèi)洛普》(Penelope)(1954年)和???W.Efk)的歌劇《愛爾蘭的傳奇》(lrich Legend)(1955年 )的首演。1970年7月29日,塞爾逝世,終年73歲。

1961年,Szell為Decca公司,在Kingsway大廳里和倫敦交響樂團錄下了43分鐘的亨得爾的管弦樂作品錄音,包含:《水上音樂組曲》、《皇家煙火音樂組曲》、《忠實的牧羊人》《薛西斯之廣板》共四首作品。重頭戲當(dāng)然是《水上音樂組曲》和《皇家煙火音樂組曲》。此錄音當(dāng)年LP一面世,樂評界一片驚訝,因為在這之前沒有任何人聽到過如此熱烈輝煌的《水上音樂組曲》和《皇家焰火音樂組曲》。

Szell采用的是適宜于現(xiàn)代大型管弦樂團的Harty版樂譜。但是極度罕見的是,Szell在這里驅(qū)策著倫敦交響樂團,不單讓滿編制的弦樂團奏出了整齊劃一的聲音,并且還讓它們發(fā)揮出了極其驚艷的音色,感情極度宣泄。由于平時Szell的指揮是不屬于“華美”那一類風(fēng)格的,所以這個錄音立刻就形成了強烈的反差。特別是在《皇家焰火》里,有的評論說Szell甚至把“艷麗色彩放射出來”。

這個錄音不單只對于Szell是一個創(chuàng)新,甚至它還改變了聽眾對亨得爾的這兩首著名作品一貫的舊看法。可能有人喜歡仿古樂器、小編制樂團演奏的版本,但是不可否認(rèn)聽過這款錄音的許多人最終都喜歡上Szell這個版本了——因為現(xiàn)代管弦樂器的表現(xiàn)力實在太優(yōu)勝了,并且試想誰能抵擋得了倫敦交響樂團六七十人的弦樂組所拉開的一幅寬廣的“水簾”呢?值得一提的是,倫敦交響樂團的管樂部與弦樂部配合得相當(dāng)好,只要聽一聽這里提供試聽的樂段的結(jié)尾部就清楚了。

從電腦音箱里大家可能已經(jīng)會發(fā)覺了這款錄音的音效相當(dāng)不俗。這個錄音的工程師就是大名鼎鼎的威爾金森。前些時候威爾金森逝世時,我曾見網(wǎng)上有的LP迷以此錄音來紀(jì)念威爾金森。此錄音音效之好,數(shù)年前Classic Record曾經(jīng)試圖把其列入所發(fā)行的24K金CD系列里,但是不知何種原因最后竟然取消出版,使得想聽CD版本的樂迷只能夠去尋找Decca在80年代推出的Weekend系列版(其實在2000年的時候環(huán)球曾經(jīng)再版過廉價的Belart系列,不過沒有在中國大陸出售而已)。大家千萬不要小看了這個Weekend版,由于這個錄音當(dāng)初的原始母帶完成度高,所以這個Weekend版制作的時候完全沒有經(jīng)過數(shù)碼混音,而是直接采取AAD方式制作成CD的,其最終效果便是聲音極度飽滿、弦樂高頻延伸“夠盡”,聲音異常甜美,動態(tài)真實。

Part of the wave of great Hungarian conductors who took over American musical life just before and after World War II — the others included Fritz Reiner, Antal Dorati, and Eugene Ormandy — George Szell quickly transformed a middling Midwestern orchestra into one of the nation's Big Five. His cultivation of the Cleveland Orchestra set an example of discipline and hard work that gradually helped raise the standards of orchestras across America.

Although born in Hungary, Szell was raised in Vienna where he studied composition with Eusebius Mandyczewski, and piano with Richard Robert; he also studied composition in Prague with J.B. Foerster. Szell was a wunderkind, playing a Mozart piano concerto with the Vienna Symphony Orchestra when he was ten, and composing a number of solid chamber and orchestral works in a lush, late Romantic style as a child and teenager. He was 17 when he conducted the Berlin Philharmonic in a program that included one of his own compositions.

Despite these early successes, Szell rose through the conducting ranks in the traditional way of the period, with a series of opera positions: Royal Opera of Berlin (1915-1917), Strasbourg (1917-1918), Prague (1919-1921), Darmstadt (1921-1922), and Düsseldorf (1922-1924). Szell's first prestigious post came to him in 1924, when he was named first conductor of the Berlin State Opera; he simultaneously served as a professor at Berlin's Hochschule für Musik. In 1929, he moved on to become general music director of the German Opera and Philharmonic in Prague, where he remained until 1937.

Szell began focusing more on orchestral repertory in the 1930s; he made his U.S. debut as guest conductor of the St. Louis Symphony in 1930, and in 1937 he was appointed conductor of the Scottish Orchestra in Glasgow, while maintaining a steady relationship with the Residentie Orkest in The Hague. Szell was in America in 1939 when war broke out in Europe; he remained in the U.S. through the war, first depending on guest engagements and then, in 1942, becoming a regular conductor at the Metropolitan Opera, where he was especially praised for his Wagner performances. In 1946 Szell took American citizenship and became music director of the Cleveland Orchestra, a post he held for 24 years. He was also the New York Philharmonic's music advisor and senior guest conductor during the last two years of his life.

Although Szell made a recordings in Europe in the 1950s and 1960s for Decca, and in Cleveland at the end of his life for EMI, the bulk of his substantial discography was the result of his long collaboration with Columbia Records in Cleveland. There, Szell had inherited an able but ordinary orchestra and, through sheer determination, molded it into one of America's finest. A Szell performance was remarkable for its textural clarity, chamber-like balances, and precision of attack and release. He drilled his orchestra mercilessly, even in works it had performed with him not long before. Szell was particularly admired for his performances of Austro-Germanic classics from Haydn to Richard Strauss, his sharp renderings of works by a select group of twentieth century composers including Bartók, Prokofiev, Janácek, and Walton), and his idiomatic way with Dvorák. Indeed, some collectors maintain that Szell's monaural, early 1950s recording of Dvorák's Eighth Symphony with the Concertgebouw Orchestra has never been equaled. His treatment of French composers, on the other hand, was criticized for its lack of atmosphere, and detractors maintained that he achieved precision at the expense of emotional expression. To those who demanded a warmer approach to his beloved Mozart, however, Szell is said to have retorted, "One does not pour chocolate sauce over asparagus."
 

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