英語插入語是指“插在句子中的詞語或句子”,有以下三個特征:
1. 位置比較靈活;
2. 通常被逗號、破折號隔開;
3. 與句子的其他部分之間沒有語法關(guān)系(把它拿掉不影響句子語法結(jié)構(gòu)和理解)
插入語可能發(fā)揮以下6點功能:
1. 對一句話進行附加解釋、說明或總結(jié);
2. 表示說話人的態(tài)度和看法;
3. 起強調(diào)作用;
4. 為了引起對方的注意;
5. 轉(zhuǎn)移話題或說明原因的作用
6. 也可以承上啟下使語句間的銜接更緊密。
下面總結(jié)一下插入語的形式:
1. 形容詞或形容詞短語作插入語
worst still, sure enough, strange, most important of all等。
Strange, there is nobody in the classroom.
很奇怪,教室里沒人。
2. 副詞或副詞短語作插入語
personally, honestly, fortunately, luckily, for us, though, besides, exactly, surely, frankly, still otherwise 等。
Luckily for you, I happen to have the key.
你真幸運,我正好帶了鑰匙。
3. 介詞短語作插入語
of course, in short, as a matter of fact, by the way, On the contrary, on the other hand, in my opinion, in conclusion等。
On the contrary, we should strengthen our ties with them.
相反,我們還應(yīng)加強和他們的聯(lián)系。
4. 現(xiàn)在分詞短語作插入語
generally speaking, judging from/ by ..., talking of..., considering...等。
Considering his age, he did very well.
從年齡考慮,他干得挺不錯。
5. 過去分詞短語作插入語
*這種過去分詞是獨立的,沒有邏輯主語。
Painted white, we like the house better.
漆成白色,我們更喜歡這房子。
6. 動詞不定式作插入語
to be sure, to be frank, to tell you the truth, so to speak等。
To be frank, I don’t quite agree with you.
坦率地說,我不太同意你的意見。
7. 代詞詞組作插入語
all the same, all in all等。
All in all, her condition is greatly improved.
總的來說,她的情況有很大好轉(zhuǎn)。
8. 句子作插入語
I I think /hope / believe, you know / see, what’s more, that is (to say), I’m afraid, do you think / suppose等。
It’s a great mistake, I think, not to accept their proposal.
我認為,不接受他們的建議是個很大的錯誤。
9. 從句作插入語
if so / not / any, if I may say so, if you don’t mind, as you know, as you say 等。
This man, as you know, is good for nothing.
正如你所說的,這個人是一無所長。
10. 用標點符號引導(dǎo)插入語
He was (strange as it seems) an excellent sportsman.
他(盡管還顯得令人不解)是個出色的運動員。(用括號引導(dǎo))
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