We all fall victim to at least a few lies during the course of our lifetime. Some lies may be extremely troublesome to our personal wellbeing, while other “white lies” may be far more innocuous. Either way, a lie is meant to deceive. So how can we avoid falling victim to a lie in the future? I believe you can identify a lie or a liar by asking a person 6 simple questions:
在我們的一生中，至少會有一些謊言給我們帶來傷害。有的謊話可能會對我們的個人幸福帶來麻煩，而其他的“善意的謊言”可能是無害的。但不管怎么樣，謊言總意味著欺騙。所以，以后我們怎樣才能避免成為謊話的受害者呢？我相信，通過以下的6個簡單的問題，你可以識別誰說謊了。
A lie can travel halfway around the world
真理還在穿鞋的時候，謊言已經走遍了半個世界。
while the truth is putting on its shoes.
- Mark Twain
馬克·吐溫
How do you know this? - This is the very first question you should ask someone when they tell you something that you are unsure of. It immediately uncovers the source of the information and should give insight into whether the bulk of it is based on scientific fact or educated opinion. Although it seems like a very simple question, it is one of the most demanding questions you could ask someone. It informs them that you are not a pushover and forces them to backup their claims.
“你是怎么知道的？”——當別人告訴你一些你不確定的事情的時候，你應該首先問這個問題。它立刻揭示了消息的來源，并且使你可以洞察這些消息是基于科學還是學者的觀點。雖然看起來這是一個很簡單的問題，但它是你問他人的最必要的問題之一。這個問題告訴他們，你不是一個容易打發(fā)的人，并且這迫使他們對他們所說的重新思考。
What are the major concerns or risks? - Anybody who has performed the proper research on a topic for which they claim to be an expert should also be able to explain their major concerns in vivid detail. No plan is perfect. There will always be some level of concern or risk. If the person claims there is zero risk and no concerns, they are lying to you.
“問題的主要思路和風險是什么？”——任何聲稱為專家的在某個課題有一定研究的人應該也能生動詳細地解釋他們的主要思想是什么。沒有什么計劃是盡善盡美的。它們通常在一定程度上會存在一些風險和憂慮。如果有人聲稱他們的計劃是沒有風險沒有憂慮的，那么他們在對你撒謊。
Why do you think others might have an opposing view? - There are always a few different ways to interpret a specific set of data. No matter what side of the argument a person is on, you can be sure that at least one other person has an opposing view. Once again, if someone has done the proper research they should have a pretty good idea of what creates this opposing view. Thus, they shouldn’t have any problem explaining it, even if their explanation is merely an educated hypothesis.
“為什么你會認為別人會有相反的看法？”——對一系列特定的數(shù)據(jù)通常會有好多種不同的方法來解釋。不管那人所持的是哪方面的反對意見，你可以肯定的是至少有另一個人持有反對觀點。再者，如果某人對某項課題經過了適量的研究，他們應該知道是什么讓別人產生了不同的意見。因此，解釋這些觀點對他們來說應該沒有問題，即使他們的解釋是一些學術性的假說。
Can you please explain this in layman’s terms? - A person might use complex terminology in order to sneak a lie past your better judgment. The idea is that their complex terminology will throw you off, and instead of questioning the information, you move on to prevent yourself from looking naive. Never look past something you don’t understand. Get the facts straight. Make them explain themselves 20 times if necessary until you understand what they are saying. Until you understand the information, presume that they are wrong even if they sound smart.
“您能否用外行人的術語來解釋它？”——為了從你更敏銳的判斷下偷渡謊言，有些人會應用復雜的術語。他們的想法是，他們復雜的術語會擺脫你詢問相關信息，因為你會假裝自己聽的懂，讓自己看起來不幼稚。從來不回過去看看那些你不明白的東西。（但你要做的是）直接了解事實。如果有必要的話，讓他們解釋20遍，直到你聽懂他們在講什么為止。只有你明白了信息，即使它們聽起來很專業(yè)，你也能判斷他們的真假。
Do you mind if I sleep on it? - A lie, no matter how complex, is always paper thin from a certain angle. If you have enough time to analyze the information and look at it from every angle you will eventually see the truth. When someone lies and looks for you to buy into the information they usually want you to agree on the spot. They already know that their story won’t check out if you have enough time to analyze it. If someone is unwilling to let you sleep on the information in order to properly digest it, they are probably lying. Truth will still be truth in the morning, so there is no reason to rush things unless it isn’t the truth.
“您介意我考慮一晚上再決定嗎？”——謊言，無論多復雜，最終從一個特定的角度看去就是紙一樣薄的厚度。如果你有充足的時間來從各個角度去分析這信息，最終你回看到真相。當一個人欺騙你并且期望你購買提供的信息的時候，他們通常希望你當場同意。他們知道如果給了你足夠的時間去分析它，那他們的故事是不會被驗收的。如果某人不愿意讓你對他的信息考慮一晚上的話，他們就可能在撒謊。真相還是早晨的那個真相，所以沒有理由著急做決定，除非這不是事實。
How confident am I in this person? - This is a simple question that you have to ask yourself. You should try to determine if this person has any credible references. Sort out the reasons why you should believe them and why you should not believe them. Do you personally know anyone who has dealt with this person before? Think about it mindfully, what does your gut instinct tell you?
我對這個人有多信任？——這個是你必須要問問自己的一個簡單的問題。你應該嘗試著去確定這個人有沒有任何可信的參考。找出為什么你信任他們或者不信任的原因。你知道有誰以前是和這個人打過交道的？有意識的考慮一下，你良好的直覺對你說了什么？
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