一.一般將來(lái)時(shí)語(yǔ)法概述
一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻的將要發(fā)生動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),或?qū)?lái)某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),也表示將來(lái)經(jīng)?;蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情。常常和表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如:tomorrow(明天), next week(下周), from now on(從現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始);in the future(將來(lái))等。
二.一般將來(lái)時(shí)用法詳解
1)will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形 shall用于第一人稱,常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用于各人稱,在征求意見(jiàn)時(shí)常用于第二人稱。will not=won't shall not=shan't例如:
Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先讀哪一段呢?
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七點(diǎn)回家好嗎?
2) be going to +不定式,表示將來(lái)。
a. 主語(yǔ)的意圖,即將做某事。例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢?
b. 計(jì)劃,安排要發(fā)生的事。例如:The play is going to be produced next month。這出戲下月開(kāi)播。
c. 有跡象要發(fā)生的事。例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那烏云,快要下雨了。
3) be +不定式表將來(lái),按計(jì)劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。例如:
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我們下星期六討論這份報(bào)告。
4) be about to +不定式,意為馬上做某事。例如:
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他馬上要去北京。
注意:be about to do 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
Notice:be to和be going to
be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主觀的打算或計(jì)劃。例如:
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。(客觀安排)
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。(主觀安排)
5) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)時(shí)
下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí)
go.come.fly.leave.start.begin.finish.end.arrive and so on.
she is leaving for Wuhan tomorrow.
6) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)
1)下列動(dòng)詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以表示將來(lái),主要用來(lái)表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。例如:
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車明天上午六點(diǎn)開(kāi)。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽車什么時(shí)候開(kāi)?十分鐘后。
2)以here, there等開(kāi)始的倒裝句,表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。例如:
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 車來(lái)了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 鈴響了。
3)在時(shí)間或條件句中。例如:
When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比爾來(lái)后,讓他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就寫信給你。
4)在動(dòng)詞hope, take care that, make sure that等的賓語(yǔ)從句中。例如:
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他們下星期玩得開(kāi)心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 離開(kāi)房間前,務(wù)必把窗戶關(guān)了。
7) 一般將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
this year 、tomorrow、tomorrow morning、 next month、 from now on、 in the future 、in an hour 等。
三.一般將來(lái)時(shí)常見(jiàn)誤區(qū)分析
There be結(jié)構(gòu)的一般將來(lái)時(shí),是我們?nèi)菀资Х值牡胤?,我們要牢記它的結(jié)構(gòu):
1、There will be
2、There is/are going to be
典型例題: There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.
A. will be going to B. will have C. is going to be D. is going to have
解析:本題考查的就是There be結(jié)構(gòu)的一般將來(lái)時(shí)。句首有There ,首先要考慮There be結(jié)構(gòu),排除有have的選項(xiàng);再根據(jù)There be 一般將來(lái)時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)判斷出正確答案。
答案:D
一、將來(lái)完成的構(gòu)成
將來(lái)完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成方法是“will have +過(guò)去分詞”。如:
Only five short years later, your money will have grown by $94,000. 僅短短 5 年時(shí)間后,你的錢就會(huì)增多 94,000 美元。
He will have been heartened by the telephone opinion poll published yesterday. 他會(huì)為昨天公布的電話民意調(diào)查結(jié)果感到鼓舞。
將來(lái)完成時(shí):He will have solved the problem.
將來(lái)完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):The problem will have been solved by him.
二、將來(lái)完成的用法
1. 表示“將來(lái)完成”
即表示到將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間為止勢(shì)必會(huì)完成或預(yù)計(jì)要完成的動(dòng)作。如:
When we get there, she’ll have gone to work. 我們到那里時(shí)她會(huì)已上班去了。
I expect you will have changed your mind by tomorrow. 我預(yù)料到明天你就會(huì)改變主意了。
2. 表示“持續(xù)”
即表示某種狀況將一直持續(xù)到說(shuō)話人所提及的某一將來(lái)時(shí)間。如:
We will have been married a year on June 25th. 到6月25日我們倆結(jié)婚就滿1年了。
By this time next week, I will have been working for this company for 24 years. 到下星期此刻,我就已經(jīng)為該公司干了24年了。
3. 表示“推測(cè)
即表示根據(jù)某情況作出的推測(cè)。如:
That will have been Roland. He said he’d be back at 7. 準(zhǔn)是羅蘭。他說(shuō)他7點(diǎn)鐘回來(lái)。
There will have been a definite result before Friday. 星期五以前肯定會(huì)有結(jié)果。
三、將來(lái)完成通常搭配的狀語(yǔ)
1. 用作狀語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ)
There will have been a definite result before Friday. 星期五以前將肯定會(huì)有結(jié)果。
By next Christmas we’ll have been here for eight years. 到下一個(gè)圣誕節(jié),我們?cè)谶@兒就住了整8年了。
By now you will have guessed that I’m back in Ireland. 你現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該已經(jīng)猜出我回到了愛(ài)爾蘭了。
By the end of next week, I will have been a teacher for 25 years. 到下周末,我當(dāng)老師就有25年了。
We’d better wait till 14 December. David will have had his exam by then, so he’ll be able to enjoy himself. 我們最好還是等到12月14日。到那時(shí)大衛(wèi)就考完試了,這樣他就能夠玩得痛快。
2. 用作狀語(yǔ)的從句
If I don’t run, the train will have left.(www.yygrammar.com) 如果我不跑,火車就會(huì)開(kāi)走了。
If he turns it down, he will have lost the moral high ground to the president. 如果他拒絕的話,就會(huì)把精神上的優(yōu)勢(shì)輸給總裁。
If you finish this job as well, you will have done far more than I expected. 假如你將這項(xiàng)工作干完的話,那你會(huì)干得比我預(yù)料的要多了。
If there was any scandal in that company, you can be sure that Bobby will have clocked it. 那家公司有任何丑聞,博比肯定會(huì)知道。
一、概述
將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間看,將來(lái)某一時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。
Jack said that he would have arrived by ten o’clock.
杰克說(shuō)他在十點(diǎn)鐘就會(huì)到達(dá)的。
She told me that she would have finished her homework before the teacher came.
她對(duì)我說(shuō)在老師來(lái)之前,她就能把家庭作業(yè)完成了。
It will have been snowing for a whole week if it snows again tomorrow.如果明天還下雪的話,雪就要整整下一個(gè)星期
二、將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)構(gòu)成
will/shall have been+現(xiàn)在分詞用于第一人稱,而 will have been+現(xiàn)在分詞用于其他人稱。
否定形式shall/will not have been+ v-ing;
疑問(wèn)形式是將shall/will提前。
They will have been having a holiday next week.他們下周大概在度假。
三、將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)用法
正如將來(lái)完成時(shí)一樣,它通常與一個(gè)以by開(kāi)頭的時(shí)間短語(yǔ)連用:
By the end of this year he’ll have been acting for thirty years.
到今年年底他當(dāng)演員就滿30年了。
將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與將來(lái)完成時(shí)的關(guān)系和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的關(guān)系一樣。即在以下情況下可以用將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)而不用將來(lái)完成時(shí):
1. 動(dòng)作本身就是連續(xù)的:
By the end of the month he will have been living/working/studying here for ten years.
到了月底他在這里居住/工作/學(xué)習(xí)就滿十年了。
2. 一種經(jīng)常進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作被表示為連續(xù)的動(dòng)作:
By the end of this month he will have been training horses/climbing mountains for twenty years.
到了這個(gè)月底他馴馬/登山就滿20年了。
但是如果提到所馴馬匹或所攀登的山峰的數(shù)目,或用任何方式把動(dòng)作分割為一次又一次的動(dòng)作,就必須用將來(lái)完成時(shí):
By the end of the month he will have trained 600 horses/climbed 50 mountains.
到本月底,他馴服的馬就有600匹/攀登的山峰就有50座了
3.一般將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)某事、某時(shí)之前已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,一直延續(xù)到將來(lái)某一時(shí)間,是否繼續(xù)下去要視上下代而定,常與表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
By the time the sun sets, they will have been working on the farm for six hours.太陽(yáng)落山時(shí)他們?cè)谵r(nóng)場(chǎng)上干活將有6個(gè)小時(shí)了。
4.將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)也可表示推測(cè),含有“我預(yù)料、大概”的意思。這種用法的will應(yīng)看作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。
It is early spring. Birds will have been flying back.現(xiàn)在時(shí)早春了,鳥(niǎo)兒該飛回來(lái)了
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