講一講3 作插入語的不定式
在日常的語法學(xué)習(xí)中，不定式的用法歸于非謂語動(dòng)詞的居多，而以獨(dú)立成分----插入語的身份作句子狀語，對(duì)句子補(bǔ)充、評(píng)注 、說明、解釋等，屬于比較小眾的一類。熟練掌握他們的分類有助于豐富詞匯，增加理解的準(zhǔn)確度。歸納如下：
1.表猜測
■so to speak可以說，可謂
The pet dog is, so to speak, a member of the family.
那只寵物狗可以說是家庭的一員了。
The computer is, so to speak, the brains of the organization.
電腦可說是這個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)的大腦。
■to be exact 精確地說
The old man is in his mid-fifties; well, fifty-six to be exact.
那個(gè)老人五十多歲；嗯，確切地說是五十六歲。
It happened last Sunday, to be exact.
確切地說， 事情發(fā)生在上周日。
■to be sure 無可否認(rèn)，誠然
He’s a nice man, to be sure.
肯定他是一個(gè)好人。
He is smart, to be sure, but not very diligent.
他聰明是聰明，但是不怎么勤奮。
■to make matters / things worse 更糟的是
To make matters worse, he refused to give in.
更糟的是，他拒不讓步。
To make matters /things worse, it started to rain when evening came.
更糟糕的是，夜幕降臨時(shí)，天開始下起雨來了。
2.表真誠
■to be fair 說句公平話
To be fair, I wasn’t entirely to blame. 說句公道話，這不能全怪我。
■to be (perfectly) frank 坦率地講
To be perfectly frank, you’ re a bad Dad.
非常坦率地說，你不是個(gè)好爸爸。
To be frank with you, I don’t like the way you act.
坦白說，我不喜歡你行事的方式。
■to be honest說老實(shí)話，老實(shí)說
To be honest, I just don’t like him.
說老實(shí)話，我就是不喜歡他。
To be honest, I don’t think we have a chance of winning her over.
說實(shí)話，我認(rèn)為我們沒有爭取到她的可能。
■to do sb justice 說句對(duì)某人公道的話
To do her justice, we must admit that she did deserve praise.
說句公道話，我們得承認(rèn)她應(yīng)該獲贊。
■to tell (you) the truth 老實(shí)說，說真的，說實(shí)話
To tell the truth, I fell asleep.
老實(shí)說，我睡著了。
To tell you the truth, we don’t have a very good look at him.
說真心話我們沒有好好看他。
3.表總結(jié)：
■to be brief 簡言之
To be brief, he was happy with the result.
簡言之，他對(duì)這個(gè)結(jié)果感到高興。
■to conclude 最后，總而言之
To conclude, I’d like to express my thanks to my friends.
最后，我要感謝我的朋友。
To conclude, I wish you all healthy and wealthy.
最后，祝大家健康富有。
■to cut a long story short 長話短說
To cut a long story short, we said, 'Ok!’
長話短說吧，我們同意了。
To cut a long story short, he defeated them one by one.
長話短說，他把他們一個(gè)個(gè)地打敗了。
■to make a long story short 長話短說
To make a long story short, we agreed to keep silent.
長話短說，我們同意保持沉默。
■to sum up總而言之
To sun up, most of us supported the idea but a few were against it.
總之，我們大多數(shù)支持這一想法，但是也有幾個(gè)反對(duì)。
4.表讓步：
■not to mention 更不用說，還不算
He can speak French and Japanese, not to mention English.
他會(huì)說法語和日語, 更不用說英語。
There’re ten of us ready to go, not to mention /without mentioning the children.
我們有10個(gè)人愿意去，還不算小孩。
■to say nothing of 姑且不講，更不用說，何況
You’ve wasted eight hours’ time, to say nothing of the performance.
你浪費(fèi)了八個(gè)鐘頭的時(shí)間，還不說表演。
He got imprisoned for a month to say nothing of the fine.
他得入獄一個(gè)月 更不用說罰款了。
■to put it mildly 說得輕些，不夸張地說，說得婉轉(zhuǎn)些
To put it mildly, she’s just a bit curious.
說得輕些，她只是有點(diǎn)好奇。
■to say the least 至少可以這樣說，不夸張地說，說得輕些
The evidence for all these charges seems, to say the least, unlikely to prove valid in court.
所有這些指控的證據(jù)，說得婉轉(zhuǎn)些，在法庭上似乎不大可能有效。
To say the least, their techniques are out of fashion.
說得再輕一點(diǎn)，他們的工藝至少落伍了。
5.表順序：
■to begin with 第一，首先；起初，開始時(shí)
To begin with, it is too cold. Asides, we’ve no money.
首先，天氣太冷，再者我們也沒有錢。
I’m not going. To begin with, I have no money, and secondly I don’t like the play.
我不去， 一來我沒錢，二來我不喜歡這出戲。
■to start with 第一，首先；起初，開始時(shí)
To start with we don’t have enough money and secondly we’re too busy.
一來我們的錢不夠 二來我們沒時(shí)間。
The club had only several members to start with.
這個(gè)俱樂部最初只有幾個(gè)成員。
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