伯恰塔(Bachata)
分類： 伯恰塔 | 被11人轉藏 | 2008-10-31 15:30:11
Bachata(伯恰塔)：發(fā)源于中南美洲，Bachate的音樂浪漫纏綿。舞伴們身體緊靠面對面地左右移動舞步。也有些旋轉的動作。二人面對面享受音樂的舞蹈方式，成為大家最喜愛的party舞蹈方式之一。
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Bachata, a form of music and dance that originated in the countryside and rural marginal neighborhoods of Dominican Republic. Its subjects are often romantic; especially prevalent are tales of heartbreak and sadness. In fact, the original term used to name the genre was "amargue" ("bitterness," or "bitter music"), until the rather ambiguous (and mood-neutral) term bachata became popular.
bachata是一種源自多米尼加共和國農村及邊遠地區(qū)的音樂和舞蹈類型。通常主題都是關于浪漫，特別是悲傷的感情。實際上這種類型最早被稱為amargue（辛酸或者悲傷音樂），后來才以bachata這個模棱兩可的（相對中性）名稱廣為人知。
Bachata was created and primarily used by servants, who used to play it when they got off of work. They made the music out of ordinary objects like those commonly found in a backyard (Trashcans, Fences,etc). In some rural areas of the Dominican Republic, bachata means trash, but most citizens agree that it means a party. Others say that bachata is derived from the Italian Ballata, which was a popular form of music in Italy centuries ago.
傭工們創(chuàng)造了bachata，這是他們下班后的娛樂活動。他們通常用后院隨手可得的物品演奏（垃圾桶，長篙等）。在多米尼加部分農村地區(qū)，bachata意思是垃圾，不過在大多數(shù)城市居民看來，bachata意思是聚會。也有人稱bachata是由意大利語的ballata演變而來，ballata是意大利幾個世紀前流行的一種流行的音樂類型。
Bachata grew out of - and is still closely related to - the pan Latin-American romantic style called bolero. Over time, it has been influenced by merengue - a fast paced danceable music also native to the Dominican Republic - and by a variety of Latin American guitar styles.
bachata脫胎于泛拉美地區(qū)的浪漫風格bolero，直到目前仍然與其緊密聯(lián)系。演變過程中也受到merengue（源自多米尼加共和國的一種可以舞蹈的快節(jié)奏音樂）和許多拉美吉他演奏風格的影響。
The music itself is played in 4/4. The most recognizable aspect of bachata instrumentation is the use of an amplified guitar (either electric or acoustic) whose sound has been doctored with a flanger, reverb, echo, or a combination of the three. The use of arpeggiated chords as the basis for the melody is almost standard. An additional guitar, called the 'segunda' or rhythm guitar is usually mixed at a lower volume, and provides syncopation. An electric bass guitar and güira help anchor the rhythm - with the güira sounding a bit like a high-hat (in pre 1990s bachata, maracas were played instead of güira). The use of the bongo drum further solidifies the basic beat, and provides and percussive accents in transition points - for instance right before a chorus.
bachata是4/4拍。顯著的特征是使用帶放大器的吉他（電吉他和普通吉他都可），加上鑲邊，混響，回音等音效，用分解和弦演奏，通常是標準曲調。以segunda吉他（或稱節(jié)奏吉他）調低音量，切分伴奏。用電貝司和güira（一種打擊樂器，音色類似high-hat）保持節(jié)奏（上世紀90年代之前，使用maracas而不是Güira）。bongo鼓更加強化了節(jié)奏，同時在轉調時（例如合唱之前）提供重音提示。
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Dance
3 Notes
4 References
5 Films
6 See also
7 External links
[edit] History
Derived from the Latin American tradition of guitar music, and originally named for the crude bars and clubs where guitarists and singers would perform, bachata emerged in the 1960s. According to a documentary,[1] the Beatles cover of Till There Was You (first performed in 1963) helped inspire the genre. Even though some set the origins of Bachata to the early 60s, Bachata-like guitar music was played in the brothels of the El Salvador for long before that.
歷史
bachata源自拉美傳統(tǒng)吉他音樂，定形于上世紀60年代，這一詞最初被用來稱呼有吉他手和歌手表演的下等酒吧和俱樂部。據(jù)記載[1]披頭士的歌曲 till there was you（1963年）對bachata有啟發(fā)。也有人認為bachata源自60年代早期，當時類似bachata的吉他音樂在薩爾瓦多的妓院里已經(jīng)流行很久了。
As popular radio filled the air waves with merengue and salsa, bachata musicians and their sponsors were forced to develop a a grass-roots system of producing and distributing their music. As with most styles of Latin American music, bachata is predominantly performed by male singers. Some of the important early bachateros are José Manuel Calderón (musician), Eladio Romero Santos, Edilio Paredes, Luis Segura, Ramon Cordero, and Rafael Encarnación.
當時大眾電臺充斥著merengue和salsa，bachata音樂家和支持者不得不以草根方式制作和傳播他們的音樂。和其他拉美音樂一樣，bachata歌手主要是男性。部分著名的早期bachata音樂家是José Manuel Calderón （演奏）, Eladio Romero Santos，Edilio Paredes，Luis Segura，Ramon Cordero 和 Rafael Encarnación。
The bachata played today uses electric guitar and has phrasing which is more rhythmic and groove-like than in earlier styles. The evolution to electric has perhaps helped make bachata more accessible.
現(xiàn)在的bachata使用電吉他演奏，比過去的風格更注重節(jié)奏，groove味更重。電子樂的發(fā)展可能也讓bachata更加為人所接受。
Some associate Juan Luis Guerra's Grammy winning 1992 release, Bachata Rosa, with bachata's rise in legitimacy and international recognition. Others argue that Guerra had very little to do with bachata's rise, and that, although he used the word 'bachata' in an album title, he never actually even recorded a song in the bachata style.
有人認為Juan Luis Guerra的格萊美獲獎專輯Bachata Rosa對bachata的流行起了推動作用，也有人不這么認為，盡管Guerra在他的專輯名稱里使用了bachata這個詞，他從來沒有一首歌是bachata風格的。
At present 2006, the Dominican group Aventura is probably the best known bachata group worldwide with its single "Obsesion" having dominated for a long time radio play both in Latin America, US Latino markets, and countries as distant as Italy and Sweden. While he is superseded in the international audience by Aventura, for the Dominican audience, the most popular of the modern bachateros have been Antony Santos & Luis Vargas . Other artists of note include Raulin Rodriguez, Zacarias Ferreira, Frank Reyes, Monchy y Alexandra, Domenic Marte, Xtreme, Andy Andy,Elvis Martinez, Leonardo Paniagua, Los Toros Band, and Joe Veras.
目前2006年，多米尼加的Aventura也許是世界最著名的bachata樂隊，他們的專輯Obsesion在拉美，美國的拉丁族群，甚至遠至意大利和瑞典都風靡很久。盡管在國際上Aventura廣為人知，對多米尼加人來說，最受歡迎的bachala音樂家是Antony Santos和Luis Vargas。其他值得一提的還有Raulin Rodriguez, Zacarias Ferreira, Frank Reyes, Monchy y Alexandra, Domenic Marte, Xtreme, Andy Andy,Elvis Martinez, Leonardo Paniagua, Los Toros Band, 和 Joe Veras。
[edit] Dance
The basic footwork is a series of simple steps that produce a back and forth or sideways motion. A schematic footwork would be as follows: starting with the right foot make a chasse to the right on counts 1,2,3. On 4, touch the left toe beside your right foot (alternatively, tapping the left toe in place, i.e., apart from the right foot, make an upwards jerk with the left hip). Then do the same from your left foot. The character of the dance is achieved through sensual hip and body movements.
See also: Video clips with instructions on how to dance bachata and examples of people dancing
舞蹈
基本舞步很簡單，主要是前進，后退和側步動作。一個簡單的例子：右腳起步，123追步向右走，4左腳碰右腳（另一種方式是左腳原地點一下，即不碰右腳，左臀帶動上提），然后左腳起步向左重復。通過臀部和身體性感的律動體現(xiàn)舞蹈的精髓。
