12 Different Types of Leadership Styles
According to Research by asaecenter, leadership style is the way a person uses power to lead other people. Research has identified a variety of leadership styles based on the number of followers. The most appropriate leadership style depends on the function of the leader, the followers and the situation.
Some leaders cannot work comfortably with a high degree of followers’ participation in decision making. Some employers lack the ability or the desire to assume responsibility. Furthermore, the specific situation helps determine the most effective style of interactions. Sometimes leaders must handle problems that require immediate solutions without consulting followers.
What are Different Leadership Styles?
We have covered 12 different types of ways people tend to lead organizations or other people. Not all of these styles would deem fit for all kind of situations, you can read them through to see which one fits right to your company or situation.
12種不同類型的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)風(fēng)格
根據(jù)asaecenter的研究，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)風(fēng)格是一個(gè)人利用權(quán)力領(lǐng)導(dǎo)他人的方式。研究已經(jīng)根據(jù)追隨者的數(shù)量確定了各種領(lǐng)導(dǎo)風(fēng)格。最合適的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)風(fēng)格取決于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、下屬和形勢(shì)的作用。
一些領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者在擁有大量追隨者參與決策的情況下，無(wú)法輕松地工作。有些雇主缺乏承擔(dān)責(zé)任的能力或愿望。此外，特定的情況有助于確定最有效的交互方式。有時(shí)候，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者必須在不征求下屬意見(jiàn)的情況下，立即解決問(wèn)題。
領(lǐng)導(dǎo)風(fēng)格有哪些不同?
我們已經(jīng)涵蓋了12種不同類型的方式，人們傾向于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)組織或其他人。不是所有的這些風(fēng)格都適合所有的情況，你可以通讀它們，看看哪一種適合你的公司或情況。
1. Autocratic Leadership
Autocratic leadership style is centered on the boss. In this leadership the leader holds all authority and responsibility. In this leadership, leaders make decisions on their own without consulting subordinates. They reach decisions, communicate them to subordinates and expect prompt implementation. Autocratic work environment does normally have little or no flexibility.
In this kind of leadership, guidelines, procedures and policies are all natural additions of an autocratic leader. Statistically, there are very few situations that can actually support autocratic leadership.
Some of the leaders that support this kind of leadership include: Albert J Dunlap (Sunbeam Corporation) and Donald Trump (Trump Organization) among others.
1。獨(dú)裁式領(lǐng)導(dǎo)風(fēng)格
獨(dú)裁式領(lǐng)導(dǎo)風(fēng)格以老板為中心。在這種領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)擁有一切權(quán)力和責(zé)任。在這種領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)不需要咨詢下屬就可以自己做決定。他們做出決定，與下屬溝通，并期待迅速的執(zhí)行。專制的工作環(huán)境通常很少或根本沒(méi)有靈活性。
在這種領(lǐng)導(dǎo)方式中，指導(dǎo)方針、程序和政策都是專制領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的自然補(bǔ)充。從統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)上看，真正支持專制領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的情況非常少。
支持這種領(lǐng)導(dǎo)方式的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人包括:艾伯特·J·鄧?yán)?Sunbeam Corporation)和唐納德·特朗普(Donald Trump Organization)等。
2. Democratic Leadership
In this leadership style, subordinates are involved in making decisions. Unlike autocratic, this headship is centered on subordinates’ contributions. The democratic leader holds final responsibility, but he or she is known to delegate authority to other people, who determine work projects.
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The most unique feature of this leadership is that communication is active upward and downward. With respect to statistics, democratic leadership is one of the most preferred leadership, and it entails the following: fairness, competence, creativity, courage, intelligence and honesty.
2。民主黨領(lǐng)袖
在這種領(lǐng)導(dǎo)風(fēng)格中，下屬參與決策。與專制不同，這種領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是以下屬的貢獻(xiàn)為中心的。民主黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人負(fù)有最終責(zé)任，但眾所周知，他或她會(huì)將權(quán)力下放給其他人，由其他人決定工作項(xiàng)目。
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這種領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力最獨(dú)特的特點(diǎn)是溝通是積極向上和向下的。在統(tǒng)計(jì)方面，民主領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是最受歡迎的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)之一，它包括以下幾個(gè)方面:公平、能力、創(chuàng)造力、勇氣、智慧和誠(chéng)實(shí)。
3. Strategic Leadership Style
Strategic leadership is one that involves a leader who is essentially the head of an organization. The strategic leader is not limited to those at the top of the organization. It is geared to a wider audience at all levels who want to create a high performance life, team or organization.
The strategic leader fills the gap between the need for new possibility and the need for practicality by providing a prescriptive set of habits. An effective strategic leadership delivers the goods in terms of what an organization naturally expects from its leadership in times of change. 55% of this leadership normally involves strategic thinking.
3.戰(zhàn)略領(lǐng)導(dǎo)風(fēng)格
戰(zhàn)略領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是指一個(gè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者本質(zhì)上是一個(gè)組織的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。戰(zhàn)略領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者并不局限于組織高層。它面向的是希望創(chuàng)建高性能生活、團(tuán)隊(duì)或組織的各級(jí)更廣泛的受眾。
戰(zhàn)略領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者通過(guò)提供一套規(guī)定的習(xí)慣來(lái)填補(bǔ)新可能性和實(shí)用性之間的空白。一個(gè)有效的戰(zhàn)略領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能夠根據(jù)組織在變革時(shí)期對(duì)其領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的期望來(lái)交付產(chǎn)品。55%的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力通常涉及戰(zhàn)略思考。
4. Transformational Leadership
Unlike other leadership styles, transformational leadership is all about initiating change in organizations, groups, oneself and others.
Transformational leaders motivate others to do more than they originally intended and often even more than they thought possible. They set more challenging expectations and typically achieve higher performance.
Statistically, transformational leadership tends to have more committed and satisfied followers. This is mainly so because transformational leaders empower followers.
4所示。變革型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)
與其他領(lǐng)導(dǎo)風(fēng)格不同的是，變革型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)完全是在組織、團(tuán)體、自己和他人中發(fā)起變革。
變革型的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者會(huì)激勵(lì)其他人去做比他們?cè)居?jì)劃要做的更多的事情，而且往往比他們認(rèn)為可能做的還要多。他們?cè)O(shè)定了更具挑戰(zhàn)性的期望，通常會(huì)取得更高的績(jī)效。
從統(tǒng)計(jì)上看，變革型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)傾向于擁有更多忠誠(chéng)和滿意的追隨者。這主要是因?yàn)樽兏镄皖I(lǐng)導(dǎo)人賦予了追隨者權(quán)力。
5. Team Leadership
Team leadership involves the creation of a vivid picture of its future, where it is heading and what it will stand for. The vision inspires and provides a strong sense of purpose and direction.
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Team leadership is about working with the hearts and minds of all those involved. It also recognizes that teamwork may not always involve trusting cooperative relationships. The most challenging aspect of this leadership is whether or not it will succeed. According to Harvard Business Review, team leadership may fail because of poor leadership qualities.
5。團(tuán)隊(duì)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)
團(tuán)隊(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)包括創(chuàng)造一個(gè)生動(dòng)的畫(huà)面，它的未來(lái)，它的方向和它將代表什么。視覺(jué)激發(fā)和提供了強(qiáng)烈的目的感和方向感。
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團(tuán)隊(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是與所有相關(guān)人員的心靈和思想一起工作。它還認(rèn)識(shí)到，團(tuán)隊(duì)合作可能并不總是涉及信任合作關(guān)系。這種領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力最具挑戰(zhàn)性的方面是它能否成功。根據(jù)《哈佛商業(yè)評(píng)論》的報(bào)道，團(tuán)隊(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)可能會(huì)因?yàn)轭I(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力差而失敗。
6. Cross-Cultural Leadership
This form of leadership normally exists where there are various cultures in the society. This leadership has also industrialized as a way to recognize front runners who work in the contemporary globalized market.
Organizations, particularly international ones require leaders who can effectively adjust their leadership to work in different environs. Most of the leaderships observed in the United States are cross-cultural because of the different cultures that live and work there.
6?？缥幕I(lǐng)導(dǎo)
這種領(lǐng)導(dǎo)形式通常存在于社會(huì)中有各種文化的地方。這種領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力也被工業(yè)化作為一種方式來(lái)表彰那些在當(dāng)代全球化市場(chǎng)上工作的領(lǐng)先者。
組織，尤其是國(guó)際組織，需要能夠有效地調(diào)整領(lǐng)導(dǎo)以適應(yīng)不同環(huán)境的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。在美國(guó)，大多數(shù)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人都是跨文化的，因?yàn)樗麄兩詈凸ぷ鞯奈幕煌?br>7. Facilitative Leadership
Facilitative leadership is too dependent on measurements and outcomes – not a skill, although it takes much skill to master. The effectiveness of a group is directly related to the efficacy of its process. If the group is high functioning, the facilitative leader uses a light hand on the process.
On the other hand, if the group is low functioning, the facilitative leader will be more directives in helping the group run its process. An effective facilitative leadership involves monitoring of group dynamics, offering process suggestions and interventions to help the group stay on track.
7所示。使便利的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)
促進(jìn)型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)過(guò)于依賴于衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和結(jié)果——而不是一種技能，盡管它需要掌握很多技能。一個(gè)群體的有效性與其過(guò)程的有效性直接相關(guān)。如果團(tuán)隊(duì)的功能很好，那么這個(gè)輔助型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)就會(huì)在這個(gè)過(guò)程中表現(xiàn)得很輕松。
另一方面，如果團(tuán)隊(duì)功能低下，協(xié)調(diào)性領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者將在幫助團(tuán)隊(duì)運(yùn)行過(guò)程中發(fā)揮更大的指導(dǎo)作用。有效的促進(jìn)型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)包括監(jiān)控團(tuán)隊(duì)動(dòng)態(tài)，提供過(guò)程建議和干預(yù)措施，以幫助團(tuán)隊(duì)保持在正確的軌道上。
8. Laissez-faire Leadership
Laissez-faire leadership gives authority to employees. According to azcentral, departments or subordinates are allowed to work as they choose with minimal or no interference. According to research, this kind of leadership has been consistently found to be the least satisfying and least effective management style.
8。自由放任的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)
自由放任的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)賦予員工權(quán)力。根據(jù)azcentral的規(guī)定，部門或下屬可以自由選擇工作，不受干擾或干擾很小。根據(jù)研究，這種領(lǐng)導(dǎo)方式一直被認(rèn)為是最不令人滿意和最不有效的管理方式。
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9. Transactional Leadership
This is a leadership that maintains or continues the status quo. It is also the leadership that involves an exchange process, whereby followers get immediate, tangible rewards for carrying out the leader’s orders. Transactional leadership can sound rather basic, with its focus on exchange.
Being clear, focusing on expectations, giving feedback are all important leadership skills. According to Boundless.com, transactional leadership behaviors can include: clarifying what is expected of followers’ performance; explaining how to meet such expectations; and allocating rewards that are contingent on meeting objectives.
9。交易型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)
這是一個(gè)維持或延續(xù)現(xiàn)狀的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)階層還涉及到交流的過(guò)程，在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，追隨者們可以通過(guò)執(zhí)行領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的命令獲得即時(shí)的、有形的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。交易型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)聽(tīng)起來(lái)相當(dāng)基礎(chǔ)，其重點(diǎn)是交流。
明確、關(guān)注期望、給予反饋都是重要的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)技能。根據(jù)Boundless.com的調(diào)查，交易型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)行為包括:澄清對(duì)追隨者表現(xiàn)的期望;解釋如何滿足這些期望;分配報(bào)酬時(shí)，要視目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)而定。
10. Coaching Leadership
Coaching leadership involves teaching and supervising followers. A coaching leader is highly operational in setting where results/ performance require improvement. Basically, in this kind of leadership, followers are helped to improve their skills. Coaching leadership does the following: motivates followers, inspires followers and encourages followers.
10。教練領(lǐng)導(dǎo)
指導(dǎo)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)包括教導(dǎo)和監(jiān)督下屬。在需要改進(jìn)的結(jié)果/表現(xiàn)方面，教練領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是高度可操作的?；旧?，在這種領(lǐng)導(dǎo)方式下，跟隨者能夠提高他們的技能。指導(dǎo)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的作用如下:激勵(lì)下屬，激勵(lì)下屬，鼓勵(lì)下屬。
11. Charismatic Leadership
In this leadership, the charismatic leader manifests his or her revolutionary power. Charisma does not mean sheer behavioral change. It actually involves a transformation of followers’ values and beliefs.
Therefore, this distinguishes a charismatic leader from a simply populist leader who may affect attitudes towards specific objects, but who is not prepared as the charismatic leader is, to transform the underlying normative orientation that structures specific attitudes.
11。有魅力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)
在這種領(lǐng)導(dǎo)中，有魅力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者表現(xiàn)出他或她的革命力量。魅力并不意味著完全的行為改變。它實(shí)際上涉及到追隨者價(jià)值觀和信仰的轉(zhuǎn)變。
因此，這就將魅力型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人與單純的民粹主義領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)，后者可能會(huì)影響人們對(duì)特定對(duì)象的態(tài)度，但并不像魅力型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人那樣做好準(zhǔn)備，轉(zhuǎn)變構(gòu)成特定態(tài)度的潛在規(guī)范取向。
12. Visionary Leadership
This form of leadership involves leaders who recognize that the methods, steps and processes of leadership are all obtained with and through people. Most great and successful leaders have the aspects of vision in them.
However, those who are highly visionary are the ones considered to be exhibiting visionary leadership. Outstanding leaders will always transform their visions into realities.
12。富有遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)
這種領(lǐng)導(dǎo)方式要求領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者認(rèn)識(shí)到領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的方法、步驟和過(guò)程都是通過(guò)人來(lái)獲得的。大多數(shù)偉大而成功的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者都具有遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)卓識(shí)。
然而，那些有遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)卓識(shí)的人被認(rèn)為具有遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)卓識(shí)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能。優(yōu)秀的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者總是把自己的愿景變成現(xiàn)實(shí)。
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