第三節(jié) 短語動詞
【名師導(dǎo)讀】
第一步學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：熟記初中范圍內(nèi)常見短語動詞，記住“動詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的短語，如果跟代詞，必須在中間。
短語動詞的結(jié)構(gòu)由動詞、介詞、副詞通過一定的結(jié)合而構(gòu)成，主要有如下六種結(jié)構(gòu)：動詞+副詞；動詞+介詞；動詞+副詞+介詞；動詞+名詞+介詞；be+形容詞+介詞；動詞+名詞。
【考點一】動詞+副詞
由“動詞+副詞”構(gòu)成的短語，如果后接代詞接賓語時，代詞必須放在中間，這類詞通常以on, off, up, down, away, out, back, over等結(jié)尾。常見的這類短語有：
1. cheer sb. up使…高興起來
cheer sb. on為…加油
2. call off 取消
call sb. up= make sb. a call =ring sb. up
= phone/telephone sb. 打電話給…
3. cut off 切斷，阻斷
cut down 切倒，削減
4. get down 從...下來，寫下
get off 下來，逃脫懲罰，下車
get on 騎上，登上，有進(jìn)展，上車
get over 恢復(fù)，克服，解決
5. give up 放棄，停止，辭去
give away=donate 贈送；捐送
give back =return 歸還
give in 認(rèn)輸，讓步，屈服
give off 釋放，放出
give out=hand out 分發(fā)
6. go down 下降，減少
go out 熄滅，過時
go over 檢查，審查
go through 遭受，經(jīng)歷，檢查，被通過
7. hand in 上交，遞交
hand out=give out 分發(fā)，散發(fā)
hand on 把…傳遞下去
hand over 交出，移交
8. hang about/out 閑蕩
9. pick up 拾起，搭乘
10. put on 穿上，上演 put out 伸出；熄滅
put off 推遲 put down 放下
put away 把…收好/放好
put up 掛起；舉起；張貼；建造
11. set up 搭起，建立，創(chuàng)建，建造
set off 出發(fā)，動身
12. send off 郵寄，發(fā)送 send up 發(fā)
send for sb. 派人去請某人
13. show up露面 show sb. around帶…參觀
14. take off 脫下；起飛
take away 減去、拿走、帶走
take down 拆除,記下
take over 接管，借用
take up 開始從事，占據(jù)
15. think over 仔細(xì)考慮
think about 考慮 think of 認(rèn)為
16. throw away 扔掉，拋棄，浪費
17. try on 試穿 try out 試驗，試用
18. turn on 打開 turn off 關(guān)上
turn up 調(diào)高 turn down 調(diào)低
19. find out 查明 break out 爆發(fā)
fill out/in 填寫 work out 算出
carry out 執(zhí)行 point out 指出
20. sell up 賣完 eat up 吃光
clean up 打掃 make up 構(gòu)成
use up 用完，用光
look up 查(字典等)
build up 逐步建立，增強(qiáng)
dress up 盛裝打扮
mix up 攪勻，混淆
fix up =mend =repair 修理
21. cut down 砍倒 get down 下來
let down 使失望 write down 寫下
slow down 減速 copy down 抄下
22. blow away 吹走 blow out 吹熄
【考點二】 動詞+介詞
ask for 請求 break into 破門而入
get on 上車 get off 下車
look at 看 look like 看起來像
look for 尋找 look after 照顧
go over 復(fù)習(xí) work on 從事
laugh at 嘲笑 shout at 朝（某人）吼
stand for 代表 die from/of 死于
care about 關(guān)心 depend on 依靠
believe in 信任 listen to 聽
go through從…穿過 come across偶然碰到
care for 喜歡，照顧
look after=care for=take care of 照顧
begin/start with 以…開始
end with 以…結(jié)束
arrive in /at =get to =reach 到達(dá)
【考點三】 動詞+副詞+介詞
do well in =be good at 擅長，在…方面好
look forward to 盼望
catch up with 趕上，超過
add up to 加起來，總共
catch up with 趕上
keep out of 使…不進(jìn)入
go on with 繼續(xù)
get along/on with 與…相處、進(jìn)展
【考點四】 動詞+名詞+介詞
pay attention to 注意
take part in 參加
make use of 利用
get rid of 處理掉
take the place of 代替
take pride in=be proud of 以…為榮
show interest in 對…表現(xiàn)出興趣
【考點五】 be+形容詞+介詞
be fond of 喜歡
be afraid/terrified of 害怕
be famous for 以…出名
be famous as 作為…而出名
be proud of =take pride in 以…為榮
be sure about/of 對…有把握
be good for 對…有好處
be good at 擅長，在…方面好
be good/friendly /kind to 對…友好
be ready for 為…作好準(zhǔn)備
be satisfied/pleased with sb. 對…感到滿意
be angry with sb. 對某人生氣
be short for 是…的簡稱
be short of 短缺
【考點六】 動詞+名詞
take place 發(fā)生 keep watch 值班
lose heart 灰心 lose weight 減肥
do homework 做作業(yè)
【基礎(chǔ)鞏固 課堂練習(xí)】
第二步學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：能用所學(xué)基本知識解決以下問題。
I. 單項選擇題。
( ) 1. China is very _____ the Great Wall and pandas.
A. famous as B. famous for
C. ready for D. ready to
( ) 2. He has failed several times, but he won’t _____.
A. go on B. come on C. get up D. give up
( ) 3. The windows are broken and they can hardly _____ the cold now. They need to be repaired.
A. give out B. take out C. put out D. keep out
( ) 4. –What do you _____ my coat?
--I think it’s very beautiful.
A. look at B. talk about
C. think of D. think about
( ) 5. The black leather shoes look very beautiful. Can I _______?
A. try it on B. try on it
C. try them on D. try on them
( ) 6. –Hi, Linda. We’re taking a walk. Would you like to _______?
---Great! Let’s go.
A. come on B. come out
C. come up D. come along
( ) 7. The stars _____ as soon as it was dark.
A. came down B. came in
C. came over D. came out
( ) 8. He did badly in English. Let’s help him ____ some good ideas.
A. catch up with B. come up with
C. come up D. come out
( ) 9. It rained last night. The flood _____ the old bridge over the small river.
A. washed away B. went away
C. kept away D. put away
( ) 10. –Li Ping, your things are on the desk. Please _______.
--OK, dad.
A. put away it B. put it away
C. put away them D. put them away
( ) 11. If you don’t know the words, please _____ in the dictionary.
A. look it up B. look them up
C. look them over D. looked for them
( ) 12. The doctor _____ the crying baby, but he couldn’t find out what was wrong with it.
A. looked over B. looked after
C. looked for D. looked out
( ) 13. I’ll fly to Hainan tomorrow. Would you mind _____ the time for all the flights to Hainan for me?
A. looking for B. finding out
C. finding D. looking after
( ) 14. After breakfast, he _____ to the bus stop this morning.
A. put off B. took off C. turned off D. ran off
( ) 15. The baby is sleeping. Could you _______ the TV a little?
A. turn off B. turn on C. turn down D. turn up
( ) 16. Jenny, please __ your sister carefully.
A. take after B. take care for
C. care for D. care about
( ) 17. –Our class will play against Class 2.
--Let’s ______.
A. cheer them on B. cheer them in
C. cheer them up D. cheers
( ) 18. It’s time for us to listen to the news. Would you please _____ the radio?
A. turn on B. turn off
C. turn up D. turn down
( ) 19. After you finish your homework, you’d better ______ carefully.
A. go over it B. go them over
C. go it down D. go it away
( ) 20. My shoes are _______. I want to buy a new pair.
A. wear out B. wore out
C. worn out D. wearing out
( ) 21. Please help _____ to some soup, kids!
A. yourself B. yourselves C. you D. yours
( ) 22. His teacher will ____ Beijing today.
A. reach B. get C. arrive D. go
( ) 23. The desk is _____ wood while paper is _____ wood, too.
A. made of; made from B. made in; made of
C. made from; made of D. made of; made in
( ) 24. Can you help me _____ the picture on the wall? I need your help.
A. put up B. put on C. put off D. put away
( ) 25. Mr. Green’s new book will ____ next month.
A. come in B. come on
C. come over D. come out
( ) 26. Last night, he ______ the candles on the birthday cake in one breath.
A. blew away B. blew down
C. blew out D. blew over
( ) 27. How do you plan ____ this problem?
A. to deal with B. to do with
C. dealing with D. doing with
( ) 28. We ______ one-child policy in China.
A. carry out B. carry on
C. call on D. call out
( ) 29. Study hard, don’t ____ your parents.
A. let down B. let in C. let out D. let off
( ) 30. How do you ______ with your classmates?
A. get off B. get on
C. get over D. get away
II. 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
31. My uncle used to ________(get) up late. But now he is used to ________(get) up early.
32. I’m looking forward to _______(hear) from your letter.
33. Don’t worry. We can take turns ______(help) you with your English.
34. We should try our best ________(protect) our environment.
35. She has made up her mind ________(learn) English well.
36. Would you mind my ______(smoke) here?
37. I think we should _________(allow) to choose our own clothes.
38. I think you have to give up _____(smoke). Smoking is bad for your health.
39. We’re all very tired. We have to stop ______(have) a rest.
40. He has a bad habit. He often stays up _______(play) games.
III．同義句。
41. Jim looked after his sister yesterday.
Jim _____ ______ _____ his sister yesterday.
Jim ______ ______ his sister yesterday.
42. I can turn to our English teacher.
I can _____ our English teacher _____ _____.
43. He can swim very well.
He _____ ______ ______ swimming.
44. Jim takes after his father.
Jim ______ ______ _______ his father.
Jim _______ _______ his father.
45. Lily and Linda are good friends.
Lily ____ ____ _____ ____ Linda.
46. Action movies remind me of Jackie Chan.
Action movies ______ me _______ ______ Jackie Chan.
47. I hope I can achieve my dream.
I hope my dream will ______ ______.
48. Yesterday I got a letter from my pen pal.
Yesterday I ______ ______ my pen pal.
49. They played happily at the party.
They _____ _____ _____ ______ at the party.
They _______ ________ at the party.
50. Last Sunday, I went to the airport to see Lily off.
Last Sunday, I went to the airport to _____ ______ _______ Lily.
51. He likes drawing best.
He _______ _______ _______ drawing best.
52. Li Dawei taught English himself.
Li Dawei ______ English ______ ______.
53. We are ready for the final exam.
We ______ _______ _______ the final exam.
54. The Blacks arrived in Shanghai last night.
The Blacks ______ _____ Shanghai last night.
55. Can you help me?
Can you _____ me _____ ______?
56. Hurry up! Or you’ll fall behind others.
______ _____! Or you won’t _____ _____ _____ others.
57. Jim’s father gave me a ride last Sunday.
Jim’s father _____ me ______ last Sunday.
58. He was ill last night. He had to ask a doctor to come.
He was ill last night. He had to _____ _____ a doctor.
59. He donated one million to the charity.
He ______ _____ one million to the charity.
60. Could you help me to hand out the ads?
Could you help me to ____ ____ the ads?
【質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)控制 考試滿分過關(guān)】
以上60小題中，做錯的題目有：
____________________________________；
解決日期是：________________________；
解決途徑：__________________________；
感謝恩人：__________________________.
【全面冥想 縱橫聯(lián)系 睡前練習(xí) 終生記憶】
第三步學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：重點知識再現(xiàn)，加深印象
1. 閉上眼睛，花1分鐘回憶下列動詞+副詞構(gòu)成的短語，通常以哪些詞結(jié)束，動副結(jié)構(gòu)的短語，如果跟代詞，位置在哪兒？
2．熟記短語動詞。
【鏈接中考 輕松備考】
第四步學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：能用所學(xué)知識解決2011年中考題。
( ) 1. I can hardly hear what it is saying on TV. Would you please ？【2011安徽】
A. turn it up B. turn it down
C. turn it on D. turn it off
( ) 2. Bob used to be a "problem child", but his mother was very patient and didn’t stop trying to help him. 【2011廣西玉林】
A. give out B. give away C. give up D. put up
( ) 3. Grandma is ill. I have to ______ her at home. 【2011桂林】
A. look for B. look up C. look at D. look after
( ) 4. Hurry up, Mike. You must get to the airport an hour before the plane ____.【2011四川資陽】
A. gets off B. turns off C. takes off D. puts off
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