1. 為了突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的某一成分以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣, 英語(yǔ)中通常用 “It is + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分 + that/who”結(jié)構(gòu)，這一結(jié)構(gòu)叫作強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的 It 是無(wú)人稱主語(yǔ), 沒(méi)有詞匯意義,僅起到改變句子結(jié)構(gòu),使某一成分受到強(qiáng)調(diào)的作用。如被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是物，用 that; 如被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是人, 用 who, 也可用 that。
強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分通常是句中的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如下面一句, 我們可分別對(duì)其不同成分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)：
John wore a white suit at the dance last night.
1.It was John that/who wore a white suit at the dance last night.（強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)）
2. It was a white suit that John wore at the dance last night. (強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)）
3. It was at the dance that John wore a white suit last night. (強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）
4. It was last night that John wore a white suit at the dance.（強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）
強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)亦可用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)某些狀語(yǔ)從句：
It was because he was ill that he didn't come to school yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào) because 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句）
It was only when the war was over in 1949 that he was able to get back home.
(強(qiáng)調(diào)when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）
It was not until his father came back that he went to bed. (強(qiáng)調(diào) until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）
現(xiàn)談?wù)剰?qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中值得注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：
一. 強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中的時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題
如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分，原句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)用 It is...that/who; 如果原句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，則用 It was...that/who; 有時(shí)還可用 be 的其它形式。例如：
It is the people who/that are really powerful.
It was in the street that I met your brother yesterday.
It must be your mother who you are thinking of.
二. 強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中代詞的格和謂語(yǔ)人稱與數(shù)的問(wèn)題
如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是原句的主語(yǔ), that/who 后面的謂語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上均應(yīng)與原句主語(yǔ)一致, 不與 it 一致。例如：
It is you that/who are to blame.
It is I that am mistaken.
一般說(shuō)來(lái), 強(qiáng)調(diào)主格人稱代詞就用主格, 強(qiáng)調(diào)賓格人稱代詞就用賓格, 但有時(shí)被強(qiáng)調(diào)的格與原句中的格不一致。例如：
I met her in the street this morning.
It was her that I met in the street this morning.
her 在原句中是 met 的賓語(yǔ), 所以被強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)仍用賓格形式, 但也可用主格she 替換 her。例如：
It was she that I met in the street this morning.
這時(shí), 說(shuō)話者遵循傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法, 認(rèn)為動(dòng)詞 be 后面的代詞用主格,而不管這個(gè)代詞在原句中究竟是主格還是賓格。
強(qiáng)調(diào)主格時(shí)也有兩種情況, 尤其是在非正式的口語(yǔ)中常用賓格代替主格。例如：
They saved the drowning girl.
It was they who saved the drowning girl.
It was them who saved the drowning girl.
三. 強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一般疑問(wèn)句和特殊疑問(wèn)句問(wèn)題
一般疑問(wèn)句只需將 "It" 與 "is/was" 交換位置即可。例如：
Was it you that broke the window?
Was it here that you met him?
如強(qiáng)調(diào)疑問(wèn)句, 需將疑問(wèn)詞置于句首：
Who was it that called him "comrade"?
What is it that you are going to do?
When is it that they will leave?
四. 強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中的 that/who 在口語(yǔ)中?？墒÷裕?/font>
It was you I thought of all the time.
It is here he must come.
It was John I gave the book to.
Was it in Chengdu you first met him?
What is it you want me to do?
五. 注意固定言語(yǔ)中的意思：
It is a wise father that knows his own child.聰明的父親往往也不了解自己的兒子。
It is a long lane that has no turning. 胡同不管怎樣長(zhǎng)，總是要拐彎的。（天無(wú)絕人之路）
It is a long night that never finds the day. 漫漫長(zhǎng)夜，總有拂曉時(shí)。
It is a silly fish that is caught twice. 任何魚都不會(huì)愚蠢到上兩次鉤。
2． It is (high) time that…
該句型中的that可省略，從句謂語(yǔ)通常是動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式，也可用should + 動(dòng)詞原形。相當(dāng)于It is time for sb. to do sth.例如：
It is time that we went to school.
It is time I ought to leave now.
It’s high time that we should put an end to the controversy.
3． It is + n.+ that…
該句型為主語(yǔ)從句。It為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的從句。例如：
It is a pity that you didn’t see the film yesterday.
It is a wonder that he refused such a good offer.
It is common knowledge that the traffic situation there is deplorable.
用于該句型的名詞常見(jiàn)有：common knowledge, common sense, a good thing, an honor, a mercy, a pity, a pleasure, a shame, a surprise, a wonder等。
4． It is + adj.+ that…
該句型為主語(yǔ)從句。It為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)也是由that引導(dǎo)的從句。例如：
It is certain that we shall be late.
It’s strange that he didn’t come yesterday.
Isn’t it strange that the lazy boy (should) pass the exam.
能用于該句型的形容詞常見(jiàn)的有：certain, clear, curious, disappointing, dreadful, fit, fortunate, frightening, funny, good, important, lucky, natural, necessary, obvious, peculiar, pleasing, possible, probable, proper, right, sad, surprising, remarkable, unfortunate, unimportant, unnecessary, unusual, useless, well, wonderful, wrong, true等。that從句可用陳述語(yǔ)氣，也可用should + 動(dòng)詞原型的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式。用陳述語(yǔ)氣表示客觀事實(shí)；用虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示驚訝、喜悅、遺憾、失望等感情色彩或表示要求、建議、命令、愿望等。
5． It is + p.p. + that…
該句型為主語(yǔ)從句。It為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的從句。例如：
It was said that Mr. White had been writing a new TV play.
It is reported that the sports meet has been put off.
It has not been decided that when and where we ill hold the meeting.
能用于該句型的過(guò)去分詞常見(jiàn)的有：admitted, announced, believed, decided, demanded, disclosed, expected, found, hoped, reported, requested, said, seen, suggested, thought, told, unknown,等。
6． It is…before…
該句型的is后可接long或一段時(shí)間?？隙ň渥g為“過(guò)多久…才…”；否定句譯為“沒(méi)多久…就…”。例如：
It was a long time before I got to sleep again.
It will be hours before he arrives here.
It was not long before he left his home town.
It will be five years before we meet again.
It wasn’t long before he told us about this affair.
It was evening before we reached the little town.
7．It is … since…
該句型表達(dá)“從……以來(lái)已經(jīng)多久了”的意思。這一結(jié)構(gòu)多用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻起到說(shuō)話這一時(shí)刻止的這段時(shí)間的總和。時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)，無(wú)論是那種動(dòng)詞，一律從since從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作的完成的那一刻算起。例如：
It is 15 years since the war ended.
It is just a week since we arrived here.
It is ten years since he left his home town.
It must be almost 5 years since we last met.
從句中可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例如：
It is three years since I’ve seen him. = It is three years since I saw him.
since從句如為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，表示“動(dòng)作的結(jié)束”。例如：
It’s years since I enjoyed myself so much.
It is four years since she was a nurse.
How long is it since you were in London.
8．It is … when
該句型中when引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，其前面是表示時(shí)間的詞作表語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中that前面被前調(diào)的是狀語(yǔ)。例如：
It was ten o’clock in the evening when he came back.
It is twelve o'clock at midnight when they arrived at a lovely village.
It was 2005 when he left his home town.
練習(xí)：
1. ----He was nearly drowned once.
----When was____?
----____ was in 1998 when he was in middle school.
A. that, it B. this, This C. this, It D. that, This
2. The Foreign Minister said “____ our hope that the two sides work towards peace.”
A. This B. There is C. That is D. It is
3. It is almost five years ____ we saw each other last time.
A. before B. since C. after D. when
4. ____ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of tour E-mail account.
A. What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requires
5. It is pretty well understood ____ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.
A. that B. when C. what D. how
6. It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life ____ we’ve actually had that lesson.
A. until B. after C. since D. when
7. I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesn’t matter ____ I’m talking to.
A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom
8. It is none of your business ____ other people think about you. Believe yourself.
A. how B. what C. which D. when
9. ----Did Jack come back early last night?
----Yes. It was not yet eight o’clock ____ he arrived home.
A. before B. when C. that until
10. Scientists say it may be five or six years ____ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.
A. since B. after C. before D. when
11. He was told that it would be at least three more months ____ he could recover and return to work.
A. when B. before C. since D. that
12. It was evening ____ we reached the little town of Winchester.
A. that B. until C. since D. before
13. The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time ____ we meet them again.
A. after B. before C. since D. when
14. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer ____ it was 20 years ago, ___, it was so poorly equipped.
A. what, when B. that, which C. what, which D. which, that
15. That was really a splendid evening. It is years ____ I enjoyed myself so much.
A. when B. that C. since D. since
16. It was some time ____ we realized the truth.
A. when B. until C. since D. before
17. ____ has been announced, we shall have our final exam next month.
A. That B. As C. It D. What
18. I’m afraid I’m not fit for the job, as it is one ____ requires lots of patience.
A. who B. that C. what D. where
19. It is high time ____ I went back home.
A. on which B. which C. when D. X
20. ----Was it midnight ____ you arrived home by taxi?
----I’m afraid so.
A. that B. at which C. the time D. when
21. It was several years ____ I finally realized ____ you enjoyed and built on those abilities.
A. when, that B. that, when C. before, that D. until, why
22. It is not yet pretty well understand ____ made the rainforest disappear year by year.
A. what B. which C. that D. how
23. ____ sometimes keeps her awake at night ____ Tom is getting more and more quiet at home.
A. That, which B. It, that C. Whether, what D. What, that
24. ____ worries me the way he keeps changing his mind.
A. This B. That C. What D. It
25. It was in this park ____ they met for the first time ____ the old couple told us their unforgettable experience.
A. where, that B. that, that C. where, when D. that, when
26. Why! I have nothing to confess. ____ you want me to try.
A. What is it that B. What it is that C. How is it that D. How it is that
27. It was drinking ____ cost the man a lot of money ____ he ought to have spent on his family.
A. that, that B. what, what C. that, what D. what, that
28. It is no wonder ____ he has succeeded.
A. when B. what C. which D. that
29. ----Where did you meet Joan?
----It was in the hotel ___she stayed.
A. that B. where C. which D. there
30. Is it good to look up every new word ____ I came across it in reading?
A. when B. before C. that D. where
1------5 A D B C C 6-----10 A B B B C
11---15 B C B A D 16----20 D B B D D
21---25 B A B D A 26----30 A A D B A
聯(lián)系客服
