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動詞一、        動詞的分類考點1、行為動詞行為動詞可分為及物動詞和不及物動詞，及物動詞后面跟賓語意思才完整，不及物動詞后面不跟賓語意思也完整，但很多動詞既可作及物動詞，又可作不及物動詞。He studiesEnglish well.He studieshard.Father often readsnewspapers after supper.When I came in ,he was reading .考點2、連系動詞連系動詞本 身具有一定意義，表示某人或某事物的狀態(tài)或特征。連系動詞不能單獨做謂語，其后可接名詞、形容詞、副詞和介詞短語作表語。She lookedtired,but she soon felt better.He always seemsvery quiet,but sometimes he makes trouble.She lookslike her sister.Keep quiet.考點3、助動詞助動詞本身沒有次詞義，不能單獨做謂語，只能和主要動詞一起構成謂語動詞，表示否定、疑問、時態(tài)、語態(tài)等語法形式，或用來加強語氣。常用的助動詞有be(am/is/are/,was,were),  do/does/did , have/has/had ,shall / will,would/should等.考點4、情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞表示說話人的某種感情或語氣，對某一動作或狀態(tài)的某種態(tài)度，認為可能、應當、必要等。情態(tài)動詞有自己的詞義，但不能單獨作謂語，必須加動詞原形構成合成謂語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。常見的情態(tài)動詞有：can/could,may/might, must ,need,should ,used to,had better等。1.can/could的用法（1）.表示能力Can you drive a car ?No,I can’t .She can speak English and French.He could swim when he was five.（2）.表示許可或請求許可，could比can語氣更委婉客氣，而且could并不是can的過去時，could和can沒有時間上的差別。Can I help you ?Could you lend me your bike?2.may和might的用法（1）表示許可或請求許可，may=can, might=couldMay/Can I come in ?Yes,you may/can.No,youmustn’t.（2）may be和maybeHe may be at home.=Maybe he is at home.3.must的用法（1）       表示“必須”“應該”否定式“must not/mustn’t”表示“不應該”“不準”等。在回答帶有must的問句時，否定式常用needn’t或don’t have to ，而不用mustn’t。The work must be finished as soon aspossible.You mustn’t speak like that.Must I be home before eight o’clock?Yes,you must.No,you needn’t./No,you don’thave to.(2) must和 have tomust和haveto都可以表示必須，但must表示說話人的主觀看法，have to表示客觀需要。must只有現(xiàn)在時，要表示過去時和將來時需要用had to和will have to .I must go now.I have to go now.The room is dirty.I have to clean it now.You don’t have to worry about that.The students will have to know how to use thecomputer.4.need的用法（1）need作為情態(tài)動詞，表示“需要”、“必須”。主要用于疑問句和否定句中，較少用于肯定句。You needn’t hurry.There’s a little time to go.Need I come on Sunday ?Yes,I’m afraid youmust. No,you needn’t（2）need作為實義動詞既可用于否定句、疑問句、又可用于肯定句，其后可跟名詞、代詞、不定式；當主語是物時，后跟動名詞，主動形式表被動意義。We need some help.I don’t need things like that.You need to buy a computer.Your shoes need cleaning.=Your shoes need tobe cleaned.Our classroom needs repairing.=Our classroomneeds to be repaired5．can, may表推測“可能”,must表推測“一定”“肯定”(1)can表推測“可能”,只能用于疑問句中或否定句中。Can it be true?    It can’t be true.(2)may表推測“可能”主要用于肯定句中或否定句中。You may be right.   He may be ill.(3)must表推測“一定”“肯定”通常只用于肯定句中，在否定句或疑問句中用can代之。The door is open.He must be at home.It must be true.注意：must表推測，用于反意疑問句時，該句助動詞不能用，而是根據其后動詞的形式來決定。It must still be there,isn’t it?He must have gone home,hasn’t he ?6.should表示“應當”We should help others when theyare in trouble.You shouldn’t eat too much richfood.7．Usedto和be/get used to（1）used to過去常常（現(xiàn)在已不如此），to是不定式符號，后接動詞原形，構成否定式和疑問式時可借助助動詞did或直接用used作助動詞。He used to smoke.He usedn’t/didn’tuse to comeYou used to go there,usedn’t /didn’tyou ?Did you use to be a teacher.?（2）be used to“習慣于……”其中to是介詞，其后要接名詞或動名詞，不能接動詞原形。有時為強調從不習慣到習慣的過程，可用get used toShe is used to getting up early .You’ll soon get used to the foodhere.8．hadbetter的用法had better“最好”后只接動詞原形。其否定式應在之后加not。You had better have a rest.You had better not talk in class.9.跟動詞+ing形式作賓語的動詞和動詞短語動詞（短語）短 語 形 式釋     義enjoyenjoy doing sth.喜歡做某事finishfinish doing sth.完成做某事keepkeep(sb.)doing sth.（讓某人）一直做某事stopstop doing sth.停止做某事go ongo on doing sth.繼續(xù)做某事be busybe busy doing sth.忙著做某事likelike doing sth.喜歡做某事hearhear sb. doing sth.聽到某人正做某事seesee sb. doing sth.看見某人正做某事findfind sb. doing sth發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正做某事watchwatch sb. doing sth.觀看某人正做某事spendspend time/money (in) doing sth.花費錢/時間做某事gogo doing sth.去做某事10、用動詞不定式作賓語的動詞動詞（短語）短語形式例   句說   明ask,decide,hope,want,agreechoose,wish,would like+ to do sth.Would you like to have some tea,please?這些動詞后只能接動詞不定式作賓語learn,hate,like,love,preferbegin,start+ to do sth.(+doing sth.)I like singing,but now I don’t like to sing.這些動詞在接不定式或動詞-ing時，意義差別不大。try,forget,remember,stopgo on+ to do sth.(+doing sth.)Please remember to lock the door.這些動詞在接不定式或動詞-ing時，意義差別很大。help+ to do sth.(+do sth.)Kate usually helps (to) do some housework at home on Sundayhelp后的to可以省略，意義相同need+ to do sth.(+doing sth.You need to go home quickly.Your shoes need mendingneed后接動詞不定式時，表示主動意義；后接動詞的-ing形式時，表示被動意義。ask,choose,decide,forget,know,learn,see,show,teachtell,understand,find out疑問詞+ to do sth.I don’t know how to answer this question.疑問詞why沒有此用法，不定式的邏輯主語常為句中主語。11．用動詞不定式作賓語補足語的動詞動詞（短語）短語形式例   句說   明ask,order,send,teach,tell,want,wish,would like+ sb. to do sth.I’d like your parents to come over to my home.Do you want me to help you?這些動詞后面只能接動詞不定式作賓語補足語。believe,know,thinkunderstand,feel+ sb. to beI believe the story to be true.動詞不定式to be可以省略類  別單 詞短 語 形 式釋 義感官動詞hearhear sb. do sth.聽到某人做了某事seesee sb. do sth.看見某人做了某事watchwatch sb. do sth.觀看某人做了某事findfind sb. do sth.發(fā)現(xiàn)某人做了某事feelfeel sb. do sth.感覺某人做了某事使役動詞makemake sb. do sth.使（讓）某人做某事letlet sb. do sth.讓某人做某事其    他helphelp sb. do sth.幫助某人做某事12、非持/延續(xù)性（短暫性、終止性）動詞變?yōu)槌掷m(xù)性動詞的方法非持續(xù)性動詞持續(xù)性動詞例     句come/gobe at/inI came here two days ago.I have been here for two days.arrive/reachbeHe arrived here yesterday.He has been here for two days.begin/startbe onThe film began five minutes ago.The film has been on for five minutes.borrowkeepHe borrowed the book last Sunday.He has kept the book since last Sunday.buyhaveMy brother bought his book two days ago.My brother has had his book for two days.closebe closedThe shop closed three days ago.The shop has been closed for three days.diebe deadHis grandpa died two years ago.His grandpa has been dead for two years.get upbe upHe got up two hours ago.He has been up for two hours.joinbe(in)His brother joined the army in 1998.His brother has been in the army since1998.leavebe away fromHis father left home last month.His father has been away from home for two monthslosenot haveI lost my pen three days ago.I haven’t had my pen for three days.openbe openThe shop opened last month.The shop has been open for two months.put onwearI put on my glasses in 1991.I have worn my glasses for 22 years.go outcatch a coldbecomefall asleepget to knowgo to sleepbe outhave a coldbebe asleepknowsleep13、雙賓語動詞概 述有些及物動詞可以接兩個賓語，直接賓語和間接賓語，前者常指物，表示動作的承受者或結果，后者常指人，表示動作的執(zhí)行者或對象。結 構1．動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語do+sb.+sth.2．動詞+直接賓語+介詞（to/for）+間接賓語do+sth.+to/for+sb.說 明1．當直接賓語為人稱代詞時，用結構 22．當直接賓語比間接賓語短時，常用結構23．當強調間接賓語時，多用結構24．在give,pass,show,hand,lend,return,sell,send,take,bring等動詞之后用to表示“給”，強調動作的對象。5．在buy,get,make,choose,cook,do,find,sing等動詞之后用“for”表示“為；替”強調動作的目的。14．短語動詞類   別特   點用  法示   例動詞+副詞相當于及物動詞必須接賓語，賓語位于副詞之前或之后，人稱代詞賓語必須放在副詞之前put on ,try on ,turn on,write down,take off,turn off,turn up,turn down,send up, wake up相當于不及物動詞不接賓語look up,go on,get in,get up動詞+介詞相當于及物動詞必須接賓語，賓語位于介詞之后fall off,get off,get on,call on,go over, operate on動詞+副詞+介詞相當于及物動詞必須接賓語，賓語一般位于介詞之后go on with,keep up with動詞+名詞+介詞相當于及物動詞必須接賓語，賓語一般位于介詞之后take care of,catch hold of新目標英語7-9年級常用詞組小結一、動詞詞組(包括短語動詞)、介詞詞組和其他詞組(一)由be構成的詞組1)beback/in/out   回來/在家/外出2)be at home/work 在家/上班3)be good at  善于，擅長于4)be careful of  當心，注意，仔細5)be covered with  被……復蓋6)be ready for  為……作好準備7)be surprised (at) 對……感到驚訝8)be interested in   對……感到舉9)be born  出生10)be on 在進行，在上演（燈）亮著11)be able to do sth.  能夠做…12)beafraid of (to do sth. that…)  害怕…(不敢做…，恐怕…)13)be angry with sb. 生(某人)的氣14)be pleased (with) 對……感到高興(滿意)15)be famous for  以……而著名16)be strict in (with)  (對工作、對人)嚴格要求17)be from  來自……，什么地方人18)be hungry/thirsty/tired 餓/渴了/累了19)be worried 擔憂20)be (well) worth doing (非常)值得做21)becovered with 被……所覆蓋…22)be in (great) need of  (很)需要23)be in trouble  處于困境中24)be glad to do sth. 很高興做……25)be late for ……遲到26)be made of (from) 由……制成27)be satisfied with 對……感到滿意28)be free  空閑的，有空29)be (ill) in bed  臥病在床30)be busy doing (with) 忙于做…(忙于…)(二)由come、do、get、give、go、have、help、keep、make、take、put、set、send、take、turn、play等動詞構成的詞組1)come back  回來2)come down 下來3)come in 進入，進來4)come on 快，走吧，跟我來5)come out出來6)come out of 從……出來7)come up  上來8)come from 來自……9)do one's lessons/homework  做功課/回家作業(yè)10)do more speaking/reading  多做口頭練習/朗讀11)do one's best 盡力12)do some shopping (cooking reading, cleaning)買東西(做飯菜，讀點書，大掃除)13)do a good deed (good deeds)做一件好事(做好事)14)do morning exercises  做早操15)do eye exercises  做眼保健操16)do well in 在……某方面干得好17)get up 起身18)get everything ready  把一切都準備好19)get ready for (=be ready for)  為……作好準備20)get on (well) with  與…相處(融洽)21)get back  返回22)get rid of 除掉，去除23)get in 進入，收集24)get on/off  上/下車25)getto  到達26)getthere  到達那里27)givesb. a call  給……打電話28)give atalk  作報告29)give a lecture (a piano concert)作講座(舉行鋼琴音樂會)30)give back 歸還，送回31)give…some advice on 給…一些忠告32)give lessons to  給……上課33)give in  屈服34)give up  放棄35)give sb. a chance  給……一次機會36)give a message to…  給…一個口信37)go ahead 先走，向前走，去吧，干吧38)go to the cinema  看電影39)go go bed  睡覺(make the bed 整理床鋪)40)go to school (college) 上學(上大學)41)go to (the) hospital  去醫(yī)院看病42)go over  過一遍,復習/ goover to  朝…走去43)go fishing/ skating / swimming / shopping 去鉤魚/滑冰/游泳/買東44)go home (there) 回家去(去那兒)45)go round  順便去，繞道走46)go up 上去47)go out for a walk  外出散步48)go on (doing)  繼續(xù)(做……)49)go on with one's work  繼續(xù)某人的工作50)go upstairs/downstairs  上/下樓51)(the lights) go out  (燈)熄了52)have a lesson (lessons) / a meeting 上課/開會53)have afootball match (basketball match) 舉行一場足球(藍球)賽54)have dictation  聽見55)have a try  試一試56)have a good/wonderful time  玩得很高興57)have a lecture (a piano concert) 聽講座(聽鋼琴音樂會)58)have a report (talk) on   聽一個關于…的報告59)have aglass of water (a cup of tea) 喝一杯水，(一杯茶)60)havebreakfast/lunch/supper  吃早飯/午飯/晚飯61)have a meal (three meals) 吃一頓飯(三餐飯)62)have a dinner 吃正餐63)have bread and milk for breakfast  早飯吃面包和牛奶64)have (have got) a headache 頭痛65)have a fever  發(fā)燒66)have a cough (a cold) 咳嗽(感冒)67)have a look (at) 看一看……68)have a rest (a break) 休息一會兒(工間或課間休息)69)have a talk 談話70)have a swim/walk  游泳/散步71)have sports  進行體育鍛煉72)have a sports meet (meeting)開運動會73)have something done 讓人(請人)做…74)have atest/an exam  測驗/考試75)have an idea  有了個主意76)had better do sth. (not do sth.) 最好做…(最好不要做……)77)have a word with 與…談幾句話78)help sb. with sth. / help sb. do sth. 在…方面幫助…  幫助…做79)help oneself to some chicken/fish/meat  請隨便吃點雞/魚/肉80)help each other  互相幫助81)keep up with  跟上…，不落后于…82)keep silent/quiet  保持沉默/安靜83)keep sb. doing sth.  使…一直做…84)keep one's diary  記日記85)make a noise (a lot of noise, much noise, noises)吵鬧(十分嘈雜，響聲)86)makea living  謀生87)makesb. do sth.  迫使某人做…88)make faces (a face)做鬼臉89)make friends (with)與……交朋友90)make a mistake (mistakes)犯錯誤91)make room/space for  給…騰出地方92)make a sentence (sentences)with 用…造句93)make a fire  生火94)be made from/of 由……制成95)be made in 在……地方制造96)look out of (outside)  往外看(看外面)97)look up a word (in thedictionary)  查字典98)look up 往上看，仰望99)look after 照管，照看，照顧100)look for  尋找101)look like  看上去像102)look fine/well/tired/worried  看起來氣色好/健康/疲勞/憂慮103)look out  當心，小心104)look on …as…  把…當作…看待105)look around  朝四周看106)look at  看著……107)put on 穿上(衣服)，戴上(帽子)，上演(戲劇)108)put up  建造，搭起，掛起，舉起，張?zhí)?div style="height:15px;">